신장의 이슬람역사와 중국의 대 이슬람 정책

A Study on the History of Islam in Xinjiang and China's Policy on Islam

This paper aims to study on the history of Islam in Xinjiang and China's policy on Islam. Xinjiang is one of the largest provinces in China with a substantial population that is both Turkic and Muslim. Since 1979, it has witnessed a vigorous Islamic revival and has been the scene of struggle for greater autonomy and independence. The population of Xinjiang is less than 2 percent of China's total people. Xinjiang's indigenous Turkic and Muslim population is about 8 million. Besides the size of population, the situation in Xinjiang today is important because China's government considers it to be so. In chapter Ⅱ, the history of Islam in Xinjiang and the changes of China's policy on the Islam will be presented. China's policy on the Islam in Xinjiang has been changed into hard and strict since Qing dynasty. In chapter Ⅲ, China's policy on religion and the China's recognition on Islam in Xinjiang will be delivered. The keyword of China's policy on Islam is approval of China's communism and culture of Han. In chapter Ⅳ, China's policy on Islam will be described. There are two important policies on Islam in China. They are soft policies and hard policies. China's soft policies are mainly economic, and hard policies are mainly religious and demographic. Since 1949, the Chinese government has hoped that communism and Han migration to Xinjiang would provide the vehicle to acculturate the Uyghurs into Chinese society. However, Chinese government's hope doesn't seem to be successful because of the obvious cultural gaps between Islamic Xinjiang and Han China.