경주 사라리고분군 축조 집단의 정치적 성격과 그 변천

A Study on the Political Characteristic and it's Transition of the Builders of the Sarari-Tombs in Gyeongju

본 논문은 상고기 모량부의 지배세력이었던 사라리고분군 축조 집단의 정치적 성격과 그 변천과정을 살핀 것이다. 경주시 서면 사라리에서 2세기에서 7세기에 이르는 고분들이 대거 발굴 조사되었다. 이 가운데 풍부한 부장품이 출토된 사라리 130호묘 피장자가 기원 2세기 무렵에 모량부의 지배자였는지의 여부는 아직 확실하게 단정할 수 없다. 다만 앞으로 사라리지역에서 그를 계승하였다고 인정되는 지배자의 무덤이 발굴 조사되면 그 가능성은 한층 높아진다고 하겠다. 3세기 후반에서 4세기 사이에 세장방형목곽묘(신라식 목곽묘)를 조영한 사라리집단의 지배자가 모량부를 대표하는 지배세력으로 군림하였고, 5세기대에 박씨집단이 경주시내에서 금척리지역으로 이주하여 그 부의 헤게모니를 장악하면서 모량부 지배세력의 교체가 이루어졌다. 6세기 전반 이후에 사라리집단의 지배층은 박씨집단과 마찬가지로 국왕으로부터 관등을 수여받고, 신분제에 편제되었으며, 중대에는 손씨 성을 사여받았다. 이것은 상고기에 모량부 지배세력이었던 사라리집단의 후손들이 그것이 단위정치체에서 왕경의 행정구역단위로 재편된 이후에도 나름대로의 정치적 기반을 계속 유지하였음을 시사해주는 것이다.

This article tries to examine the polotical characteristic and it's transition of the Sarari regional polity which was Moryang-bu's ruling group in the early ancient perion. Many tombs in Sarari of Seomyeon in Gyongju were excavated, which were built in between 2nd and 7th century. A person who was buried at Sarari Tomb No. 130 which had many mortuary goods and was regarded to have been built about 2nd century, cannot yet be said as the Moryang-bu's ruler. But if a tomb whose entombed body could be regarded as to have succeeded his position, were to be excavated in Sarari hereafter, chances are higher that he would be taken as the ruler of Moryang-bu at that time. A ruler of Sarari regional-polity who had built the fine-rectangular type wooden-chamber tomb(Silla-type wooden-chamber tomb) was Moryang-bu's ruling group during late 3rd century to 4th century. Park's kinship group which migrated from the city of Gyeongju to the Geumcheogri held it's hegemony, which signified that subsequently the Moryang-bu's ruling group was replaced by Park's kinship group. Ruling group of the Sarari regional-polity received the official rank from the king of Silla dynasty, and they were included in the status system of Silla after the early 6th century. And then they received a surname of Son from the king in the Silla's Middle Period. This suggests that the descendants of the Sarari-regional polity who had been the Moryang-bu's ruling group in the early ancient period maintained their own political background even after the Moryang-bu was transformed from a quasi-independent polity into a mere district of the central administrative system of Silla's Capital.