全南地域 支石墓의 硏究 現況과 形式變遷 試論

Status of Study and Typological changes of Jeon-nam region Dolmens:Focusing on the excavated site after 1900's

全南地域에는 20,000여기의 支石墓가 분포하고 있으며 지금까지 142개 유적에서 1,700여기가 발굴조사되었다. 全南地域은 지형상 서해안을 포함한 서부 榮山江流域圈과 동부의 蟾津江流域, 남부의 南海岸地域으로 구분할 수 있다. 지석묘는 남해안지역과 섬진강의 지류인 寶城江中流域에서 높은 밀집도를 보이고 있다. 1990년대 이후 전남 전지역에 걸쳐 고르게 발굴조사됨에 따라 支石墓 전반에 대한 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 자료가 증가함에 따라 卓子式-基盤式-蓋石式으로 인식되어 온 전남지역 지석묘의 발전과정에 대한 재고는 물론, 등장과 확산과정을 재검토해 볼 필요가 있게 되었다. 필자는 전남지역 지석묘는 地下에 石槨을 축조한 蓋石式이 簡略化·地上化되는 과정에서 다양한 型式으로 변화되는 것으로 추정하였다. 그리고 細形銅劍文化 관련 유물의 출토사례가 증가하고 있는 것으로 보아 지석묘가 세형동검문화기의 늦은 시기까지 축조되었을 것으로 생각하였다.

In Jeon-nam region, there are 20,000 dolmens and approximately 1,700 of them were excavated at about 142 sites until now. Jeon-nam may be divided into the West, East and South which are Young-San river area, Seom-Jin river area, and the south coast. Jeon-nam dolmens show aggregated density in South coast area and in the middle of the Bo-Seong river, the branch stream of the river Seom-Jin. The researches generally concerning the dolmens became vigorous after 1990s as the dolmens have been excavated and studied evenly from all around the Jeon-nam region. The development process of Jeon-nam dolmens types were known as a table type(卓子式)-a korean chess board type(基盤式)-a coverstone type(蓋石式). With increasing numbers of dolmens of data, however, it is becoming necessary not only to reconsider this developmental process of Jeon-nam dolmens but also the process of advent and diffusion. It is assumed that Jeon-nam dolmens were originally stone coffin which were built underground and they took various forms as they were simplified and built on the ground. Also with increasing numbers of excavations of bronze slender daggers culture remains, it is presumed that the lowest limits of period is around the end of B.C. or even after that.