皇龍寺 重建期 瓦當으로 본 新羅의 對南朝 交涉

A Study on Silla Dynasty's Negotiation against Southern Dynasties from the Aspect of Roof-end Tiles of Hwangyongsa Temple in the Reconstruction Period:With Emphasis on Round Roof-end Tiles with Raised Bands of Lotus Flowers

황룡사는 진흥왕이 창건한 신라의 대표적 사찰로 553년 月城 동쪽에 새로운 궁궐을 지으려고 할 때 황룡이 나타나자 寺로 짓기 시작하였으며 574년에는 丈六尊像을 주조하여 안치하였다. 그리고 10년 후인 584년에는 금당을 건립하였다. 황룡사 중건기 와당은 연화돌대문을 취하고 있는 것으로 이는 진흥왕이 백제와의 관산성 싸움이후 한강유역의 명실상부한 패권자가 되면서 중국 남조와의 직접적인 교류를 통해 유입된 것이다. 이 같은 추정은 당시 진흥왕이 황룡사를 중건하지 앞서 남조 陳과의 밀접한 교류를 실시하였다는 『삼국사기』기록을 통해서도 쉽게 이해할 수 있다. 그리고 황룡사 창건가람에 사용되었을 것으로 판단되는 고구려계 및 백제계의 와당을 통해서도 이러한 중건가람의 연화돌대문 와당이 외래(중국 陳代)의 製瓦術로 제작되었음을 알게 한다. 이 와당 형식은 신라 이후 통일기까지 유행하였으며, 일본 국지성에도 영향을 미치게 되었다.

Hwangyongsa Temple is a representative temple of Silla which was established by King Jinheung. The construction of the Temple was started when a yellow dragon appeared at the construction site for new palace in the east of Wolseong in A.D.553 and then they changed the plan to establish a temple instead of palace and in A.D.574, they erected a sixteen feet high cast metal statue called 'Jangyukjonsang'. In 584, 10 years thereafter, main building of the temple was established. The Roof-end tiles in the reconstruction period of Hwangyongsa Temple had the form of raised bands with lotus flowers, which came into Silla through direct trading with Zhen Dynasty in southern part of China after King Jinheung had taken the supremacy over the area of han River basin after the Gwansan Castle battle with Baekje. This inference can be supported from the historic records of 'Samgukdagi' telling that King Jinheung had close trading relationship with Zhen Dynasty in southern part of China before the King reconstructed Hwangyongsa Temple. Futhermore seeing the roof-end tiles used in Goguryo and Baekje which were supposed to be have been used for the Foundation of Hwangyongsa Temple, it is revealed that such roof-end tiles with raised bands of Lotus flowers used for the reconstruction of Hwangyongsa Temple must have been produced based on foreign roof tile manufacturing skills, that is from Zhen of China. Such roof-end tile type prevailed until after the time of unified Silla, and shows its effect in certain castles of Japan at that time.