만1, 2세 자녀를 둔 부모의 자녀수용-거부 및 통제(PARQ/C) 척도의 타당화 연구

A Test on Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Control Questionnaire : A Parenting Scale for Korean Parents Having Infants

본 연구는 심리인류학자 Rohner(로너)가 개발한 영아부모용 자녀수용-거부/통제 척도(Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control : Infant Version)를 한국 부모에게 적용하여 척도의 타당성을 검증한 것이다. 이를 위해 질문지형태로 되어 있는 원척도를 한국의 문화 및 언어적 특성에 맞게 번안한 후, 만1~2세 연령의 자녀를 둔 한국 부모들에게 두 차례의 설문조사(n=203, n= 258)를 실시하여 자료를 수집하고 내용타당도, 구성타당도, 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 총 6개 하위요인(‘격려 및 지지’, ‘애정’, ‘적대와 공격’, ‘무관심 및 방임’, ‘조건적 거부’, ‘무조건적 거부’) 38문항으로 구성되는 자녀수용-거부척도(설명변량 50.68%, α=.92)와 1개 하위요인(‘통제’) 4문항으로 구성되는 자녀통제척도(설명변량 42.13%,α=.53)가 형성되어 본 척도의 한국적 타당성이 검증되었으며 양육문화가 달라짐에 따라 그 요인구조와 내용이 원척도와는 다르게 구성됨을 알 수 있었다.

This study examined evidences of validity and reliability of the reconstructed Korean version of Parent Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control: Infant version. This questionnaire including four sub-scales with total 55 items for Parental Acceptance-Rejection scale and 8 items for Control scale was originally developed by Dr. Rohner and his colleagues. The data for this study were collected during the period from May to October of 2007 by conducting two consecutive surveys with 300 Korean parents who had children at the age of zero to 24 months. The content-related evidences of validity were examined through the process of translationretranslation by the total eleven linguistic and academic experts. The construct-related evidences of validity were examined through item-discriminant analysis and factor analysis. An evidence of the scale’s reliability was examined based on Chronbach’s alpha coefficient. The analysis revealed that the scale of acceptance-rejection was composed of interpretable six factors with total 38 items, ‘encouragement and support(α=.74),’ ‘affection(α=.84),’ ‘hostility & aggression(α=.85),’ ‘indifference & neglect(α=.73),’ ‘conditional rejection(α=.75),’ and ‘unconditional rejection(α=.43).’ Together the six factors explained about 50.68% of the variance (α=.92). For the Control scale portion, a factor analysis showed one factor with four items (α=.53). This ‘control’ factor explained 42.13% of the variance. The results suggested that constructs of the scale to measure parental acceptance-rejection and control of infants can be diverse from one to another depending on parenting culture and child development.