장애학의 다중 패러다임에 따른 한국 장애인 운동의 성격 분석

A Study on the Transition of Movement in the area of Disability in Korea through Multiple Paradigm of Disability Studies

본 연구는 장애학 다중 패러다임을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 우리나라의 장애인 운동의 변천을 살펴봄으로서 한국 장애인 운동의 성격을 분석하고 장애학 자둥 해러다임의 유용성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구결과 운동에서의 패러다임 변화는 명확하여 개별적 유물론 입장에서 사회적 생성주의 입장으로의 변환이 1980년대 말에 이루어졌으며, 사회적 생성주의 입장은 점점 강화되고 있다. 또한 인권교육의 중요성이 부각되고, 타 영역의 사회운동과 결합함에 따라 장애인 등 소수그룹의 차별을 정당화하는 사회적 문화 또는 사회적 정체성을 거부하려는 움직임이 나타나고 있다. 그러나 한 입장이 사라지고 다른 입장이 나타나는 것이 아니라 다양한 입장들이 공존하고 있음도 알 수 있다.

The objective of this study is to explore the transition of paradigm on movement in the area of disability from 1960 s. The simple paradigm transition is too short to explain the comprehensive social phenomenon such as disability. In this reason. this study made use of multiple paradigm. A proper understanding of disability theory requires more than a distinction between individual and social model approaches. It is also helpful to distinguish between materialist and idealist explanations. These two dimensions are used to generate a fourfold typology - Individual materialist position, Individual idealist position, Social creationist position, Social constructionist position. In this study, movement of the disabled have changed from individual material position and individual idealist position to social creationist position. Until 1986, position of movement was individual material position. From 1987 to 1989, people with disability asked the rights So survive and welfare services. At this time, individual idealist position was dominated. In 1990's, social creationist position have prevailed. There were lots of struggles to change the social environments. Since 2001, social creationist position has been intensified. Struggles for Mobility rights and anti-discrimination have increased. On the basis of this study. it is inferred that multiple paradigm is very useful to explain the social disability phenomenon. It is also possible to classify the periods of the movement transition through the transition of paradigm.