孔子의 理想的 敎師像

IDEALISTIC ROLE OF TEACHERS ACCORDING TO CONFUCIUS'S TEACHINGS

우리 교육은 경제 발전의 원동력으로 작용하여 물질적 풍요를 가져다 주었지만 지나친 물질적 가치의 추구는 도구적인 지식과 기능의 전수에만 치중하여 비인간화 경향을 낳기도 하였다. 우리교육의 질적 향상을 위해서는 교사상에 대한 재정립이 필요한데 선진시대 이후 지금껏 지성선사로 불려온 공자의 삶과 철학에서 이상적 교사상에 대한 시사점을 찾을 수 있다. 인간자질 면에서 주는 시사점은 첫째, 인간적 가치를 중시하는 주체적인 교사 둘째, 자신에 충실하고 학생을 사랑하는 교사 셋째, 지․정․의가 조화된 전인적 교사 넷째, 가르치면서 배우고 새로움을 창조하기 위해 부단히 노력하는 교사 다섯째, 주위와 더불어 살아가는 교사이며 그리고 학생지도 면에서는 첫째, 학생의 능력과 개성에 맞게 지도하는 교사 둘째, 학생의 학습동기를 일깨워주는 교사 셋째, 학생에게 솔선하여 모범을 보이는 교사 넷째, 학생을 차별하여 편애하지 않고 지도하는 교사에 대한 시사점을 얻을 수 있다.

Since the gabogyeongjang (Gabo reform), Korea's modern education has showed unprecedented development in quantity that cannot be seen in education history thanks to the Korean's education fever. It has worked as a driving force of the economic development, which brought in material wealth and freedom to the society. However, lopsided education that emphasizes competent workers through the transfer of tool-based knowledge and techniques, based on materialistic value, resulted in inhumane phenomena that disregard human life and consider human being as a tool to satisfy one's desire. Such education also brought about environment pollution, conflict between regions and between classes, and pleasure-seeking culture. To cure these social maladies, we should examine ourselves regarding our education system. When we define education as an action that produces positive change of action from human being, it is necessary to redefine the role of teachers because teachers are active and key members in education. Thus, to redefine the role of teachers, this study examines the life of Confucius and his teachings shown in the analects so that an idealistic role of teachers can be established as follows. From the teachings of Confucius, the role of teachers is widely divided into two aspects: humanistic quality and student guidance. In the aspect of humanistic quality, the teachers should equip the following humanistic qualities. First, they should put more emphasis on humanistic value and be independent of others and themselves. Second, they should be faithful to themselves and practice love to their neighbors. Third, they should have overall qualities in harmony with knowledge, justice, and righteousness. Fourth, they should teach, learn, make efforts to create newness. Fifth, they should live together in harmony with others. In the aspect of student guidance, the teachers should equip the following student guidance qualities. First, they should teach students according to their ability and individuality. Second, they should motivate students to study. Third, they should be role models showing initiative examples. Fourth, they should not show favoritism toward students, treating them equally. We live in a society that tradition and modernism interacts and coexists. Considering that the original nature of human being is considered as universal beyond the times, the reestablishment of teacher's role that is drawn from Confucius's life and philosophies can help our society be cured from its social maladies and bring up reasonable people living in harmony with the communities they belong.