왕양명의 󰡔대학󰡕이해와 그 교육적 함의

Yang ming's views on the Ta-hsueh and the it's educational implications

왕양명은 주희와는 달리 ‘마음이 곧 리’, ‘격물치지는‘일을 바르게 처리하는 것’‘대인은 백성을 사랑하여 친하게 지낸다’고 주장한다. 마음이 곧 리’라는 견해를 현대 교육학적 용어로 해설하자면 양명은 구성주의적 인식관 및 교육관을 가지고 있다. 사람의 마음은 창조적 구성능력을 가지고 있고, 사물 및 이치는 마음의 구성활동 소산이다.‘격물치지란 일을 바르게 처리하는 것’이라는 견해를 현대 교육학적 용어로 해설하자면, 양명은 체험중심의 교육, 활동중심의 교육관을 가지고 있다. 특히 양명의 사상마련법’은 일중심의 교육관을 구체화 하고 있다.‘대인은 친민한다’는 견해를 현대 교육학적 용어로 해설하자면, 양명은 교사 학생의 수평적 인간관계를 강조하고 있다. 교사는 교육적 운명공동체 의식에 입각하여 학습자를 도와야 한다.

Yang ming was a the Confucinist in 18C. Yang thought that Chu si Confucinism made the society to the unhuman and inert one. So, he tried to suggest new paradigm to substitute the Chu si Confucianism. The Confucian argued that learner must to study and keep the Mind. But Yang ming' mind theory is different from the Chu si'one. Yang ming argued that the Mind is the Li, and the Mind have creative intellectual ability which to constitute the reality and ethical principles. But Chu si argued that the Natural Mind only is the Li, and The Mind have only ability to find out and keep on the Li. Yang ming argued that the 'ko' among the 'ko-wo' means 'to correct', the 'wo' means 'to affair, and 'chih-chih' experience to correct the affair. The Yang ming's views is different from Chu-si' s view. In Chu-si, ko is 'to meet', wo is the matters, and chih-chih is that to investigate the Li of the matter and to wide knowledge about the Li. Yang ming argue that accordance with holistic spirit, the educated man must love and be intimacy with a learner. The Yang ming's view is different from Chu-si' s view that the educated man must make the learner renew one. Educational implications of Yang ming's thought are as follows: First, the constructivism education - a education is not to transmit knowledge the learner, but to encourage the learner to constitute the knowledge and to try self- development. Second, field doing oriented education - a good learning is the experiences to deal with the problem in a living. Third, democracy oriented teacher - a teacher as the educated man had better to love and be intimacy with a learner.