코메니우스 범교육론의 도덕적 속성에 관한 연구

The research regarding a moral attribute which is immanent in comenius’s pampaedia

코메니우스는 도덕을 절대가치로 정의한다. 특히 그의 교육사상은 그 절대적 가치인 도덕적 속성에 동의하였는가 하는 것이고, 도덕적 속성은 변혁의 시대를 살면서 그 시대의 문제를 적극적으로 해결함으로써 보다 나은 사회를 만들고자 하는 의지이며 원칙인 것이다. 이러한 코메니우스의 혁신적 사유는 인간에게 공통적으로 주어진 감각능력과 이성을 통해 보이지 않는 세계의 모든 질서까지 전체적으로 이해하려는 범지학적 교육사상(Pampaedia)을 제시하였고, 이로서 근대 교육사상의 창시자로 평가되고 있다. 특히, 그의 범교육론에 내재된 도덕교육이란 인간은 인간 자신의 내면속에서 다른 사람들과의 상호조화를 이룰 수 있는 도덕적인 덕(德)의 능력을 지니고 있으며, 도덕교육의 중요한 역할로는 인간의 타락과 죄악을 치료하여, 다른 사람과의 관계에서 선한 행위와 습관을 나타내는 것이므로 인간으로 하여금 인간이 되도록 교육하는 도덕교육의 목적은 어떠한 교육의 이념보다도 중요하다고 하겠다.

John Amos Comenius Called the Father of Modern Education is also known as Jan Amos Komensky and was born on March 28, 1592 in Nivnice, Moravia and he died on November 15, 1670. From the persecution and hardships he suffered in his life, he came to develop a philosophy, called pansophism(Pampaedia), which emphasized political unity, religious reconciliation, and cooperation in education. This philosophy of pansophism related education to everyday life and called for a systematic relationship to be developed for all knowledge. Arguing that Comenius' ideas have been distorted by Marxist and pragmatist thinkers alike, the present work seeks to relocate them in the Judaeo - Christian traditions from which they sprang. It reexamines the principles of Comenius' pedagogic philosophy, giving particular attention to the learner-centred methods of teaching which constitute his main legacy to world education. He advocated the necessity of three kinds of education : intellectual education, moral education, and religious education. To teach ‘all things to all men’s was the theme of Comenius’ theory of education, which was called ‘Pampaedia’ Comenius considered that the talent to realize the goals of education is naturally inherent in people, and it is the role of education to bring out this natural gift, that is ‘nature’. Comenius said that, fundamentally, parents are responsible for education, but should they become unable to do it, schools would become necessary to replace them. According to Comenius, the image of the ideal person was that of a ‘pansophist,’ or a person who has learned all knowledge concerning God, nature, and human beings.