데` 짜임월의 문법화 과정 연구

매인이름씨 ‘데’는 원래 대상성과 지시성의 뜻바탕을 갖고 <곳>의 뜻으로 쓰이다가 일부는 「‘-는’ 매김마디 # ‘데’ 매인이름씨」의 통어적 짜임새가 형태적짜임새로 바뀌면서 <제시>, <맞섬>의 뜻을 드러내는 이음씨끝이나 <불만스런 독백>, <들을이의 반응 기대>, <의아성>과 같은 뜻을 드러내는 맺음씨 끝으로 문법화하여 쓰이고 있다. 매인이름씨 ‘데’가 이음씨끝으로 바뀐 문법화 1단계에서는 이음씨끝‘-는데/은데’가 임자마디나 풀이마디와 관련된 행위자의 상황, 문맥적 조건에 대한 상태를 나타낸다. 이음씨끝이 맺음씨끝으로 바뀐 문법화 2단계에서는 명제의 진실성에 대한 말할이의 의향을 나타낸다. 따라서 문법화 2단계의 맺음씨끝은 문법화 1단계의 이음씨끝보다 더 주관적인 뜻으로 바뀌었다. ‘데’ 짜임월에서 매인이름씨 ‘데’와 이음씨끝 ‘-는데/은데’, 맺음씨끝‘-는데/은데’의 단위 인식에 혼란이 생기는 것은 문법화가 지속성과 계층성을 바탕으로 하여 진행되기 때문이다.

This paper deals with the bound noun `-de` and examines its grammaticalization process from a lexical morpheme to a grammatical morpheme. Originally, the bound noun `-de` had semantic features of [+object] and [+indication] and was used to refer to a place, an occasion, and a job. However, it has been grammaticalized in the course of time and has come to have new functions. As a result, now it sometimes functions as a `-neun` relative clause. As the syntactic construction of the `-de` constituent sentence chances into a morphological constituent sentence, it is also used as a conjunction ending with the meaning of presentation and opposition or a final ending with the meanings of unsatisfying monologue, the expectation of the hearer`s response, and dubitation. It seems that there are two different degrees in the grammaticalization of the `de`-constituent sentence. In the first stage at which the bound noun -de has turned into a conjunction ending, the conjunction ending of `neunde` or `-eunde` refers to the agent`s situation and the state of a contextual condition. On the other hand, in the second stage at which the conjunction ending has changed into a final ending, -de expresses the speaker`s intention in the truth of the proposition. A confusion arises in cognition of such units in de-constituent sentences as bound noun `de`, conjuncion ending `-neunde` or `-eunde`, and final ending `-neunde` or `-eunde` This phenimenon can be due to the fact that grammaticalization proceeds on the basis of cline and layering.