환경의 가치평가와 공공선택과정에서의 활용 방향

The Measurement of Environmental Values and Its Use in Public Choice Process

This study is based on the solicitude that social conflicts, which can be seen in the recent events of antagonism between development and conservation surrounding public undertaking projects, result in serious social inefficiency. In a state of few researches for environmental valuation in Korea this study focuses on the concepts and limits of the representative methods developed until now, and proposes directions of continuing studies and utilization in policy implementation. There are two kinds of valuation methods. The one is Revealed Preference Method represented by Travel Cost Methods(TCM) and Hedonic Price Methods, and the other called Stated Preference Method includes Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) and Conjoint Analysis. Although each method has its own peculiar advantages CVM is popular in this field with regard to its characteristic relevant to social decision making. By the review of Japan's cases it is founded that adequate viewpoint and acceptance of the valuation methods is necessary for effective use in public domain. One of the serious problems is the fact that environmental valuation methods are used practically for justification of public works. And this problem is obviously due to a superficial introduction of the methods to policy as not a supporting tools for social consensus building but a decisive criteria for validity of the policy. Referring to the use in U.S. this study reveals desirable role of the measurement of environmental values especially such as CVM, which is a tool for reflection of citizen's opinion to lead to an agreement, and emphasizes the conformity of this role to the paradigm, communicative rationality or planning. And from Japan's cases the necessity of proper institutions for raising the reliability of the environmental valuation is considered to be a key to successful introduction of the methods. For example, presentation of all the information including survey design, valuation process, its accuracy, limits, and (if any) other different estimation can dismiss citizen's doubt for public undertaker's intention. Above all this study claims that much concern over environmental valuation, continuous development of the methods, accumulation of empirical studies, and intense debates on these themes have to be ahead of any other endeavor.