Scope Interaction in English Small Clauses

In this paper we offer an explanation for the fact that small clauses with individual-level predicates and small clauses with stage-level predicates exhibit different scope patterns. We show that the two kinds of small clauses have different internal structures and restructuring possibilities, which are responsible for their different scope patterns. In our account, we assume (i) Cecchetto's (2004) rephrasing of the Phase Impenetrability Condition for movement such that each link of QR can cross at most one phase head and (ii) den Dikken's (2006b, 2007, 2008) proposal on QR that it is a once-only operation. Overt movement asymmetries between the two kinds of small clauses can also be explained in the proposed analysis.