조직시민행동이 수행자에게 미치는 부정적 효과

Negative Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Air Force Pilots

조직시민행동은 공군조종사 조직과 같이 구성원이 가족처럼 공동체 생활을 하면서 상호간의 신뢰와 공조가 긴요하게 요구되는 조직에서 더욱 큰 의미를 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 한국의 공군조종사들에 대한 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로, 조직 시민행동이 그 수행자에게 끼치는 부정적 효과를 살펴보았다. 실증분석 결과, 가설에서의 예측과 달리 조직시민행동이 그 자체만으로는 이를 수행하는 개인의 소진이나 조직불만족에 부정적인 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 조직의 불공정성에 대한 지각이나 상관에 대한 불신과 같은 인지부조화를 겪는 공군조종사들의 경우, 조직시민행동을 할수록 느끼는 소진이나 조직불만족의 정도가 높아지는 경향이 뚜렷하게 발견됐다. 이러한 결과는 조직시민행동이 개인 수준에 서도 기본적으로는 긍정적인 효과를 유발하나, 동시에 이를 촉진 또는 저해하는 상황적 변수에 대한 이해가 필요함을 일깨워 준다. 나아가 조직시민행동의 긍정적인 영향을 최대한 활용해야 하는 관리자가 주의를 기울여야 할 사항을 파악하는 데 유용한 지침이 될 것이다.

During the last decades, a great number of studies in organizational sociology, psychology, business management have investigated the concept and types of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as well as its antecedents and consequences. About the consequences alone, voluminous studies examined and reported positive contributions by OCB in enhancing organizational effectiveness in a variety of aspects. However, the negative side of OCB has not been much revealed relatively to the positive one. Although OCB is not part of in-role behavior that is expected to an individual in relation to his/her job in an organization, it will also increase the level of sickness and tiredness sensed by the individual when he/she somehow feels overloaded while performing various types of OCB. For example, assuming extra-role tasks on behalf of absent colleagues may not happen so willingly all the time. The authors are concerned about the possibility that constructive expectations from OCB encouraged and taken place in the organization-wide atmosphere can easily be offset by destructive effects to the individual actor of OCB. Thus, the current study intends to focus on the negative effects of OCB on the actors. OCB can convey additional importance in such organizations as air forces where mutual trust and cooperation among members play a more critical role than in other types of organizations. This study examines the negative effects of OCB among the pilots in the Republic of Korea Air Force. OCB research on military organizations has often been conducted in the Western hemisphere as well. First, we look at the relationship between OCB performed by an individual and burnout felt by him (our respondents are all male pilots). Even though OCB is a kind of behavior not supposed to be forced by any authority or hierarchy, performing OCB may need extended efforts or work-hours from the viewpoint of the focal actor. Based on the previous literature, we introduce two dimensions of burnout, and hypothesize that OCB will increase the level of exhaustion and disengagement, respectively.