Adaptability And Adaptive Performance

급변하는 환경 속에 종업원의 유연성과 효율성을 극대화하기 위해서는 무엇보다 적응성의 개발이 필요하다. 적응성에 대한 연구는 현재 활발히 진행 중에 있으며，그에 따라 그 정의 역시 학자들에 따라 다양하게 나타나고 있다. 또한，적응수행을 효과적으로 예측할 수 있는 측정도구의 타당하고 신뢰성 있는 통합모델 개발이 요구된다. 따라서，본 논문에서는 지금까지 진행된 적응성 및 적응수행에 대한 연구를 살펴보고，각 연구에서 사용된 구성개념，조작적 정의，측정결과，결과의 비교분석 및 한계점 등을 정리하였다. 첫째，Big Five 성격모델을 이용한 적응수행의 측정，둘째，인지능력 (Cognitive Ability)과 Big Five 모델을 통합하여 살펴 본 Campbell Model, 셋째，적응성과를 8개의 하위부문으로 구분한 Eight Dimension Taxanomy 등 관련 연구를 리뷰하고，앞으로의 연구가 나아가야 할 방향을 제안하였다. 마지막으로，직무분석，선발，성과평가，훈련 등의 실무적 부문에서 적응수행이 지니는 중요성을 지적하고， 이를 어떻게 실무에 반영하고 활용할 수 있을지에 대한 제언을 첨부하였다.

Over the past few decades, in response to rapid changing technological, social，political, and economic enviromnents, organizations have recognized the importance of developing adaptability with employees to maximize flexibility and efficiency in these changing and varied enviromnents. However, there have been no clear definitions of adaptability presented in the psychological literature, and is thus difficult to measure, predict adaptive performance effectively. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of adaptability and especially adaptive job performance, and then investigate the possible predictors of adaptive job performance. The review process identified different definitions and names of adaptability such as adaptive performance, adaptive behaviors, flexibility, and proficiency, and their sub-dimensions. Furthermore, several important measurements for adaptability or adaptive performance have been discussed. First, Big Five personality traits measures have been used as predictors of adaptive performance, and then a mixed measurement of cognitive ability and Big Five personality traits，the discovery of Campbell Model, and a development of Eight-Dimension Taxonomy of adaptive job performance, and recently, some new adaptability measures based on Eight-Dimension Taxonomy have been investigated in the review. The implications for future research and practices in job analysis, selection, performance appraisal and training are also discussed in this review.