1989년 체제변환 이후 폴란드 문학의 경향

The Trends of Polish Literature after the Political Transformation in the Year 1989

Poland is located between the big countries and therefore has a tragic history filled with lots of agonies and ordeals. The Poles had to struggle incessantly for their lives and cultural heritage against invaders, so under the circumstances Polish literature had been strongly related with sociopolitical problems. When Poland lost it's independency, Polish literature as a stronghold of culture and tradition used to present the models of behavior to the Poles and also be a moral standard of judging their acts. The poets as a servant, a spiritual leader or a conscience of Polish nation had taught, led and incited the discouraged nation. Therefore, Polish literature always played a very important and meaningful role in society. But on the other hand the authors were too weighed down by national and patriotic traditions originated from the romanticism in 19 century. During the communist and totalitarian regime Polish literature became a political and ideological instrument. As a result of that pure literature had failed in Poland. Abnormal sociopolitical circumstances caused a deformed development of Polish literature. But from the moment of the transformation in 1989 the appearance and character of Polish literature have been changed drastically. Censorship ceased to exist and at last Polish literature set herself free from the fetters of romantic(national and patriotic) tradition. The three parts of Polish literature - legal, illegal in the country and the Polish emigrants' abroad - during the socialist epoch were unified. However,just after the transformation in 1989 she was plunged in confusion because she was confronted by an absolutely new world. From that time Polish literature should have adapted herself to the new circumstances and have fixed her new aim in society. So this study outlined the situations under the communist regime first and after that analyzed the current tendencies of Polish literature. Above all, the break from the national and patriotic tradition, the changed roles and status in society, the appearance of new generation and the commercialization after providing capitalism.