루스벨트의 동유럽 외교정책: ‘외교정책 자문위원회’와 동유럽, 소련의 대응

Roosevelt's Foreign Policy on East Europe

President Roosevelt approved the Department of State's setting up of the Advisory Committee on Post-War Foreign Policy in December 28, 1941, Its task was to work out the policies that would guide the U.S. in the postwar negotiation on peace. Though under other names, the Committee continued to function, in fact until the end of the war. The Advisory Committee included not just scholars and university professors, but also leading associates of the Department of State. Advisory committee started its work in December 28, 1941. The task of the Advisory Committee was to make an idea for postwar economic and political cooperation between the countries of Eastern Europe. Of the concrete proposals discussed, four were considered particularly carefully: those of Wladislaw Sikorski, of Edvard Benes, of Otto von Habsburg, and the plan jointly sorted out by Tibor Eckhardt and János Pelényi. Silkorski, the head of the London-based Polish governmentin- exile, advocated a loose, primarily economic confederation of all the states lying between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic, and Germany and the Soviet Union. Benes's idea, which enjoyed the support of a number of the exiled politicians of the countries concerned, was two confederations: a Balkan federation centering on Yugoslavia and Greece, and a Central European federation centering on Poland and Czechoslovakia. Archduke Otto's proposal was a Danubian federation of the lands of the former Habsburg Monarchy, one in which dynastic and national aspirations were reconciled in the spirit of the twentieth century. Through this never concretely specified, it was clear that he himself was to be the Habsburg at the helm of this federation. The Eckhardt-Pelényi proposal envisioned three loosely-knit federative unite, the Balkan, the Polish-Baltic, and the Danubian-the last much like the Danubian Union envisioned by Archduke Otto, consisting of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Slovakia, Transylvania and perhaps Croatia. The Advisory Committee examined the above proposals from two salient points of view: security and economic viability. The security consideration mean that they wanted the new federation to be proof against a possible German or Russian attack. Both security and economic considerations argued for the The Advisory Committee's taking a stand for the largest and strongest units possible, already at its very first sitting. This ruled out the Eckhardt-Pelényi plan for a tripartite region, and also Archduke Otto's proposal, which had left out the Balkans and the Polish-Baltic Sea region. What remained was Sikorski's suggestion, and perhaps Benes's. By the end of 1943, U.S. diplomacy had more or less officially agreed to let Stalin have his way in Eastern Europe. In the course of the Moscow and Teheran conferences, it became an accepted fact that Central and Eastern Europe were particularly significant form the point of view of Soviet security, and that this gave Moscow certain privileges.