루마니아어의 라틴어적 특징: 어휘를 중심으로

Latinism in Romanian Language: Lexical Aspects

The origin of Contemporary Romanian Language can be traced to the languge (Latin) which was used after Roman Emperor's conquer to Dacian people, who lived around the northern Danube and Carpathian mountains, rather than to Traco-Dacian language. This is because not only the origin of Romanian people was born by the fusion of Romans and Dacians, but also the contemporary Romanian language does not have that much influences from Traco-Dacian language. Ancient Romanian language, which possibly was left in bilingual situation for some period, was developed under influences of Latin language becoming to have more and more grammatical and lexical features of Latin language. After withdrawal of Emperor's army to the southern Danube, the people who remained at the northern part of the river started to have contacts with Slavic people who migrated to the Balkan area from 6th century. Through these contacts, Romanian people began tro have cultural and linguistic influences from their Slavic neighbours. Their crosscultural interactions were continued through the period of 8th to 12th century. From 13th century until to 14th century, Romanian language was under influences of Church Slavic. The influences from Slavic language to Romanian can be compared to the influences from German language to Western Romance languages. Turkish and Modern Greek influences to Romanian were also very powerful and these could be found until today -especially many words referring to food- despite there were a lot of efforts to eliminate Turkish and Greek traces. Latinism in Romania started from 19th century conducted Romanian people to have a pride of being descendants of Roman Empire. Scholars from Ardelean School, who were nationalist pioneers, tried to get rid of all influences from Slavic, Modern Greek, Turkish etc., everything from other cultures but Latin. They even changed orthography system from Slavic one to Latin. Thess movements which accelerated latinisation of Romanian language and culture were proceeded mainly by accepting borrowings from Neolatin languages, especially from French. Neologism which means, in Romanian linguistics, not only recently borrowed words of present time, but also new words in scientific and technical fields borrowed from Western Romance languages through 19th to 20th centuries, did a important role for modernization of Romanian language. French was a very good source of borrowing words for denominating modern concepts and technics. It can be said that about a half of all technical and scientific terms are from french.