전후 폴란드 문학 평론의 성격

The Characteristics of Polish Literary Critique after World War II

The tendencies and characteristics of Polish literary critique have changed after World War II as a result of the political realities of the land. After a few years, Polish literary critics searched for a new paradigm adapting the literature to the socialist system. In the period between 1945-55 Polish Communist Party (PZPR) controlled not only literary life, but also every part of cultural life. In these years of the socialist realism, all the authors and critics were required to obey the directives of the Communist Party which did not allow any individual views and interpretations. In 1956 Poland experienced the political Thaw. After that the political censorship of the literary works became generous. Since 1956 the main themes of the literary discussions were the Black Literature (Hłasko, Nowakowski), Little Realism (Augustyn, Miernik) and New Classicism (Herbert, Rymkiewicz). From the second half of the seventies, Polish socialist government was faced with the political crisis and did not control the society effectively. In those years a lotof literary works were published by underground publishers. The literary critical articles attacked the literary works which were published with the governmental subvention and left alone the deep social and political conflicts of Polish society. After 1989, many literary works of the authors, who lived in exile until then, were published in Poland. In the literary critical circles, three themes were mainly discussed. They were the literature of Russian concentration camps, the tragedy of Jews, and the literature in exile.