발칸 로망스어의 특성

The Characteristics of Balkanromance Languages

This article aims at the diachronic studies on the phonological and morpho-syntactic characteristics of Balkanromance languages, which comprise two language. One is the easternmost branch of the Romance Languages Family, namely Romanian. The other is Dalmatian, which was spoken until the end of fifteenth century on the coastal areas of what is now Croatia and on the offshore. It is in a number of ways structurally intermediate between Italo- and Balkanromance languages. Roamnian itself is divided into four principal varieties: 1. Daco-Romanian, so named because of being associated with the Roman Province of Dacia, on the north bank of the lower Danube, 2. Arumanian ， spoken in nothern Greese， Albania and Macedonia, which is also called Macedo-Romanian, 3. Megleno-Romanian, spoken in a small area to the north of Salonika and 4. Istro-Romanian, spoken around Ucka Gora, not far from Rijeka in the Istrian peninsula of Croatia. All of the four varieties have a common origin. Their initial split, which was caused by the slavic invasion, dates from the second half of the first millenium. Modern Romance languages are without doubt derived directly from Vulgar Latin ，whose structures are very different from those of Clasic latin, which was totally lost at the end of the sixth centurγ with the collapse of Roman Empire. From the viewpoint of Romance linguistics, the whole Romania can be divided into two groups: one is the Western Romania, which comprises Galloromance and Iberoromance. The other is the Eastern Romania that includes Italoromance and Balkanromance. Romanian and Dalmatianon belong to the Balkanromance, which was isolated early from the mainstream Romance evolution. Therefore, on the one hand, it was influenced easily by the neighbouring heterogeneous languages and, on the other hand, it preserves the archaic Latin features, namely Balkanlatin features. In lparticular Dalamtian shows conservatism to the extent that it preserves the features of Clasic Latin such as the archaic latin comparative form 'major > mauro’, while the other Romance languages use the periphrastic form with adverbs derived from Latin 'plus' or ’magis' , which came into being later in Vulgar Latin. Dalmatian also shows innovations which we can see in the so-called cetural Romance languages such as Italian and French. In a word, Dalmatian has two-sided characteristics, namely extremely conservative and innovative ones. In this respect, it can be regarded that Dalmatian played the bridging role between Italoromance and Balkanromance.