제오르제 바코비아(George Bacovia)의 시세계 연구

A Study on George Bacovia's Poetry

At the end of the 19th century, the Romanian literature has a considerable influence on the evolution, expansion of poetic categories and the prosperity of posterior generation in Romanian poetic literature. Romanian symbolism was introduced for the first time by Alexandru Macedonski (1854-1920) through his literary magazine Literatorul (Literary man, 1880). Hestarted to cultivate and develop the symbolical theory and practiced in his theoretic works as About logics of poetry (1880), Art of poems (1881), Future poetry (1892) and invented new theory named ‘Instrumental symbolism’ or ‘Instrumentalism’ which emphasized the point of musicality and the role of poetic image. After the introduction of the symbolism and by being widely accepted in Romanian literary society, many poets had begun to graft theories of symbolism on their works and George Bacovia is one of them. With the beginning of the 20th century, he launched his first collection of poems ‘Plumb (Lead, 1916)’ in the Romanian literary world. Then, the whole world of literary men praised him for his first work. With this success, Bacovia continued to launch the next collections of poems as ‘Scîntei galbene (Yellow flames, 1926)’, ‘Cu voi (With you, 1930)’, ‘Comedii în fond (Comedies form heart, 1936)’, ‘Stanţe burgheze (Verses of bourgeois, 1946)’.George Bacovia (1881-1957) is evaluated as a poet who made a great contribution to develop and modernize the Romanian symbolical poem before the Second World War in the history of Romanian literature. He used in his poems new literary art technique as colours, symbolical correspondence between nature and materials etc. and especially, through them he achieved what he wanted, to aspire being's soul in interior world of poem. Bacovia suggests and describes very simply and implicatively his symbolical words like autumn, winter, twilight, death, lead, rain, solitude, silence, corpse, rotting etc. in his poems and sympathizing with verbal sentiments. He always prefers the dark world of death and despair in order to search for the true being (or ego) by way of emphasizing ‘nihil-melancholy’. At that time, he brought a spiritual contribution to the Romanian symbolism and the Romanian modernism of nowadays was mainly realized by his poetic contribution.