『여름과 연기』의 개성화를 통한 자아 완성

Individuation in Summer and Smoke

Tennessee williams gradually becomes more aware that there is something beyond attainment, as his dramatic craft develops from 1947 to 1961, from Summer and Smoke to The Night of the Iguana. Williams realizes that this "something," the comprehension of the "Self," is a dream, an unreachable ideal. Nevertheless, in Williams’spiritual reality, life has got to be allowed to continue even after the dream of life is over. As Esther Jackson points out, a study of Williams' symb이c structure shows more correspondences with the archetypal theories of C. G. Jung. Williams' thematic content is "human odyssey" or the journey toward human understanding derived from Jung's theory. Williams’plays contain numerous important affinities to Jung’s theories of Archetype. So Williams’play may be more clearly understood with the aid of Jungian archeηpes (persona, shadow, anima, animus) and Jungian concepts, that is neurosis, soul-image, individuation. This paper aims to analyze an explicit spiritual inclination in Williams' play, Summer and Smoke and fully understand the characters and their individuation with the aid of Jungian psychology. In the drama John and Alma are confronted with conflicts caused by psychological duality Their suffering facets are related to the process of individuation. John's persona is manifested in his sleazy relationship with Rosa, whereas his shadow is personified in Alma. Likewise, Alma’s persona is manifested in her goodness, grace, and gentility, whereas her shadow is personified in John. Each character encounters an objectification of his or her own shadow in the other. Although Alma finally recognizes the existence of another self, instead of realizing that this other person inside her exists simultaneously with her persona, she kills her persona. In other words, Alma deceives not only herself but also John by entirely replacing what is half of her personality with shadow inside her. SO the play ends with Alma’s negative transformation and John’s positive growth In conclusion, the spiritual realities projected by the characters correspond to the Jungian archetypal patterns of persona, shadow, anima-animus, and self. In the light of Jungian archetypal theory, we can clearly understand the individuation process of the characters｡