체스와프 미오시의 「고향 유럽」 Rodzinna Europa에 나타난 독일상

The German Image in the Native Realm of Czeslaw Milosz

Czeslaw Milosz (1911- ) was born in Lithuania as a son of a civil engineer whose professional wandering brought the family to Siberia. He studied law at the University of Wilno. His first volume of poetry, the poem on Time Frozen (Poemat o czasie zastyglym) was published in 1933. His second volume of poetry Three Winter (Trzy zimy, 1936) was considered by literary critic K. Wyka the most representative work of "catastrophism" during the thirties. His poetry is permeated with the nature of his native Lithuania. During the World War II Milosz lived in Warsaw, where he edited a clandestine anthology of anti- Nazi poems. After the World War he worked as a diplomat of the Polish socialist Government in U.S.A. and France. But in 1951 he broke contact with Polish Government and emigrated to France. Living in exile, France and U.S. A., he published five volumes of poetry, the novels The Issa Valley and The Seizure of Power, the autobiographical Native Realm (Rodzinna Europa), the classic analysis of totalitarian thinking The Captive Mind in the Soviet bloc, and several volumes of essays and criticism. Since 1961 he was professor of slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California at Berkeley. Milosz is the winner of the 1978 Neustadt International Prize in literature and the 1980 Nobel Prize in literature. Now he lives in Cracow, Poland. My article is about the German Image in his autobiographical volume of essays, the Native Realm. Milosz mentioned in several places of the book the German Crusade Order which murdered the native Lithuanian in the name of Christianization, German people, mentality, way of life and the Nazi Terror which he experienced during the World War II. Before the World War Milosz traveled to Germany and was envious of the rich and clean cities, well-dressed ladies and children on the street. He also admitted that only with the kind help from the German police men could he continue his journey when he lost his money and passport. But his opinion about Germany was drastically changed during the Nazi occupation. He did not show any interest in Germany after German occupation of Poland. Although he admits that he is of mixed blood, Polish, Lithuanian and German, he is not interested in the German language. Milosz does not hesitate to say that he does not know the German language except for two sayings, " H nde hoch! AIle Manne rrraus!". (Milosz, 1959: 196) But Milosz is a polyglot. He speaks English, French, Russian, Lithuanian, Latin ， Hebraic and of course Polish. In my article, I tried to show the changing aspect of the German Image of a Polish Intellectual who has experienced the nazi Terror.