팀제 중심의 중학교 교육과정 운영조직에 관한 연구

A Study on Team-Centered Organization for the Curriculum Management at the Middle School

본 연구는 제7차 교육과정 운영조직이 기존의 관료조직 속에서, 즉 비수업형 조직 속에서 운영되고 있는 상황을 분석하고 수업형 조직인 팀조직을 도입할 것을 시사하는 연구를 하였다. 먼저 제 Ⅱ장에서는 중학교조직의 특성을 관료조직과 사회체제조직, 공동체조직의 세 가지로 나누어 파악하였고 제 Ⅲ장에서는 중학교 교육과정 운영조직을 수업조직과 비수업조직으로 나누어 분석하였다. 현행 중학교 교육과정 운영조직은 본연의 교육활동인 교수지도조직보다는 행정업무위주의 비수업조직으로 운영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제 Ⅳ장에서는 중학교 교육과정 운영조직의 재구조화로서 팀조직을 개관하였고 재구조화 방안을 제시하였다.

Today we're living in the world of knowledge-based society that information power, the ability to produce and share information, decides the competitiveness of a nation and an individual. Knowledge-based society is a global world that education is　more emphasized because human can produce and practice knowledge through education. The current school curriculum is based on instructional system. The 7th Curriculum has been applied since 2000, starting in elementary school (from 2001 in middle school and 2004 in high school). The goal of this Curriculum is educating students as self-initiative, creative individuals to cope with the knowledge-based 21st century and be a leader in a globalized world. These goals were supposed to be achieved through instructions and classes. To successfully accomplish these goals, school organization should be also based on self-initiation and creativity. For the good management of school organization, eventually to improve the quality of teaching, school system of instructional activities should be changed into team system that each team unit takes control of its own work, create changes and keeps up with them itself, staying out of the non-instructional activities like orders or controls from the central government, a local government, and a school. In current schools, however, the 7th Curriculum is being practiced more through non-instructional activities, carrying out policies from the government rather than through educational activities like classes. Two systems of instruction-related and non-instruction related like curricular parts, grade-system, official division-system, are all mixed up and have been raising questions about the expected results of school management. The present mixed system of instruction and non-instruction tends to focus on doing administrative orders and meet the needs from the upper-level organizations. As a result, teachers' educational potentials end up carrying out top-down official works. These bureaucratic top-down system is no longer right or efficient for the 7th Curriculum. Social needs for the change of school system from non-instructional to instructional are growing. Colleges or businesses are already adopting and making the most of the system. This team system that has been proving the effect already can be also adapted to school, especially, of the 7th curricular system. This study is analyzing the 7th Curriculum in a bureaucratic system, and suggesting to introduce instructional-activity prioritized team system. I studied bureaucratic, social, community systems of current middle school, and analyzed into instructional system and non-instructional system. To develop a model of school management system, I randomly sampled 22 middle schools, one public and one private out of every Education District in Seoul, and analyzed their organizations, and tried to apply a team system used in colleges and businesses into middle schools. The followings are the results from this study. First, current school system is non-instructional. In the managerial perspective of students, teachers, and a school, most parts are top-down from external upper-level organizations. Actually the self-regulations and creativity of students, teachers, and the school are not involved. Second, I tried to develop a team system, which is instructional activity-oriented. Third, I'm offering suggestions that middle school system should be changed into a team system that is already being generalized in high schools, colleges, and furthermore businesses. Since middle school is a stepping stone to high school and college, their systems should be linked and related together. Therefore, the below are presented in this study. Present middle school systems were following a sample curriculum from the Seoul Educational Office, where official work division is apt to be more important than instruction division. In those situations, education in its true sense, is hardly possible. F