대학생의 직업적 흥미에 관한 사회인지적 분석

A Sociocognitive Analysis of the Vocational Interest of College Students

이 연구의 목적은 사회인지적 진로이론의 한계점을 언급함으로써 Lent 등의 사회인지적 진로이론에 대한 직업 심리학자들의 이해를 돕는데 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 현재 SCCT 연구에서의 세 가지 한계점을 요약한 후, SCCT를 가정하여 학습경험과 개인변인, 자기효능감, 그리고 결과기대의 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 사회인지적 변인이 성격과 흥미와의 관계를 매개했는지를 검증하기 위해 공분산 구조 분석이 실시되었다. 자기효능감과 학습경험은 성격과 직업적 흥미 간에 직접 효과보다 더 큰 간접효과 크기를 가짐으로써 매개효과를 보이고 있으나 결과기대는 성격과 직업적 흥미간의 직접효과 크기보다 작은 간접효과 크기를 나타냄으로써 매개효과를 가지지 못하였다. 본 연구 결과는 두개의 주요한 직업 이론인 사회인지적 진로 이론과 Holland의 직업적 흥미이론의 통합을 반영한다는 점에서 중요하며, 진로 상담자들이 진로를 탐색하는 내담자를 돕기위한 가이드로써 SCCT를 사용하는 것이 유용하다는 것을 보여준다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점을 지적하고, 추후연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to describe the content and limitations of existing SCCT studies in a bid to help vocational psychologists and career counselors have a better understanding of SCCT. According to the SCCT of Lent(1994), et al., the following hypotheses were formulated: 1. Self-efficacy might serve as a mediator for the relationship of vocational interest and personality. 2. Learning experience might serve as a mediator for the relationship of vocational interest and personality. 3. Expectations for results might serve as a mediator for the relationship of vocational interest and personality. The subjects in this study were 430 male and female students who were selected from three colleges in Seoul, from two in Gyeonggi province, and from one in Gangweon province. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. To grasp the general characteristics of the students, statistical data on frequency and percentage were obtained, and AMOS 4.0(Analysis of Moment Structure) was employed to analyze covariance structure equation modeling to identify the impact of the individual personality of the students on their vocational interest and the mediation effect of their sociocognitive variables. The findings of the study were as follows: The personality of the students had a positive relationship to their learning outcome, expectations for output and self-efficacy, and their learning experience, expectations for output and self-efficacy were positively bound up with their vocational interest. Regarding the mediation effect of learning experience, expectations for results and self- efficacy on personality and vocational interest, their learning experience and expectations for outcome had a secondhand effect on their personality and vocational interest. The findings of the study suggested that the application of SCCT was one of great ways to let career counselors lend efficient assistance to clients who want to explore their career.