피터스의 교사관에 대한 비판적 고찰

A Critical Study on View of Teacher of Richard S. Peters

이 글은 1960-70년대 영국의 교육철학계를 이끌었던 피터스(R. S. Peters)의 교육개념에 나타난 교사관의 난점을 비판하고 이를 극복하기 위한 대안을 찾으려는데 목적을 두었다. 우선, 연구자는 피터스의 교육개념 안에 그의 교사관이 논리적으로 상정되어 있다는 점에 주목하면서 피터스가 제시한 교사의 핵심적인 역할이란 가치있는 것을 전달하는데 헌신적이고, 학습자의 지식, 이해, 인지적 안목을 넓히는 것이며, 나아가 도덕적으로 온당한 방법으로 가르치는 것임을 제시하였다. 다음으로, 연구자는 피터스의 교사관이 가진 난점을 크게 네 가지 관점에서 비판하였다. 즉 언어분석적인 관점에서 그의 교사 개념은 그 의미가 명료하지 않으며, 포스트모더니즘의 관점에서 그의 교사관은 계몽주의적 근대성을 여전히 답습하고 있다는 점을 지적하였다. 또한 페미니즘의 관점에서 그의 교사관은 여성 학습자에게 이롭다고 할 수 없는 성 편견적인 관점을 정당화하고 있으며, 정치적 관점에서도 그의 교사관은 특정 이데올로기를 반영하고 있다는 점을 지적하였다. 끝으로 연구자는 앞선 비판들을 기초로 피터스의 교사관이 가진 난점을 극복할 수 있는 대안을 찾아보고자 하였다.

The aim of this thesis was to extract the view of teacher from educational works of Richard S. Peters, to examine its problems and weakness of his view more critically based upon some criticisms and to suggest some alternatives to compensate his view. Conclusions are as following. First of all, researcher has inferred the some role of ideal teacher or good teacher from his main work, Ethics and Education. Generally his view on teacher are traditional, intellectualistic and modern. The main role of teacher appeared in his view are to teach worthwhileness to students enthusiastically, and to wide cognitive perspective of students, and to guide students based on moral procedures. Then, researcher has discussed his view of teacher critically in respect of criticisms done by critical theorists, some feministic theorists, post modernists and Marxist educational theorists. The weakness appeared in his view of teacher are as followings: very narrow view related with only school teacher, very modern view discussed by enlighten context, harmful view to women for treating qualities or virtues of teacher only from masculine perspective. and some specific ideological view for reflecting hegemony of strong class. As a result, his view of teacher is only special and narrow opinion by produced or constructed in particular culture and history. Lastly, although his view of teacher have many weakness, I suggested that his view of teacher imply some meaningful implications and then concluded that his view must supplement by other powerful views, for example, post-modern view of teacher and feminist view of teacher. Consequently, research suggested it is necessary to harmony adequately between modern view of teacher and post modern or feministic view of teacher.