記憶의 引出過程에 관한 硏究

AN EXPERIMENT OF THE RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN MEMORY

본 연구는 發生-再認과 특수기억설의 타당성을 검증하고 있다. 이를 통하여 인출과정을 설명하는 이론으로는 특수기억설보다는 발생-재인설이 더 적절한 것 같다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

1) The purpose of our study ins to varify the relevance of the two theories of generation-recognition model and encoding specificity principle. According to generation-recognition model, we can make an assumption that regardless of input cue recall ratio will be higher when then target word has a strong semantic relation to recall cue than when it has weak semantic relation. But such a difference can not be expected in encoding specificity principle. 2) Experimental design to verify our assumption is as follows. The subjects in one group were given, as input cue, words that have weak semantic relation to extralist recall cues and these were paired with the target words whose semantic relation to them were strong. The Subjects in another group were given the reversely paired items. And then the results were compared for recall, generations and recognition by the some extralist recall cues. 3) The subjects were college students in Seoul, Korea, and were from freshmen to seniors. For the experiment 134 subjects Were Participated. 4) Recall, generation and recognition ratio were significantly high when the target word has a strong semantic relation to extralist recall cue. Thus the following conclusions were possible. (1) Generation-recognition model seems to be more relevant in explaining retrieval process than encoding specificity principle. (2) It seems that retrieval process consists of two separate stages of generation and recognition and they seem to be respectively ordered. It appears that first of all the candidates words are generated and then the recognition takes place among those generated words, and also that the two stages of generation and recognition are successive and repetitive. (3) Generation appears to be induced by semantic information at retrieval. 5) The possibility of explaining the results in the light of association strength was discussed. 6) In explaining the reason why the presence of input due affects the recall ratio of the target word by the same recall cue, it was discussed that the explanation might be possible by the amount of learning and the difficult level of learning. 7) Finally, generation-recognition model should have clearer explanation about recognition acceptable criteria. Once it become explicit, generation recognition model will get accepted as the most relevant theory in explaining retrieval process.