도로교통부문의 사회적 비용과 유류세제 개편방향

A Study on the Comparison between Fuel Taxes and Social Costs in Road Transport

본 연구에서는 도로교통부문의 내부비용과 외부비용을 고려한 사회적 비용을 산정하고 이를 바탕으로 현행 유종별 유류세 수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 특히 도로건설 및 유지․보수와 관련된 단위당 내부비용과 환경오염과 관련된 단위당 외부비용을 산정하여단위당 사회적 비용을 구하고 이를 유종별 유류세 수준과 비교하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 휘발유의 유류세는 사회적 비용보다 높은 수준이며, 경유의 유류세는 사회적 비용보다 낮은 수준이었다. 또한 LPG 유류세는 사회적 비용과 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

We decompose the social costs in using transport facilities, expecially road facilities, into the internal and external costs. When economic agents drive their cars and use roads, they have to bear the road construction and maintenance costs, which is internal costs. They create air pollution material and greenhouse gases, which are external costs. Until now, Korean government impose fuel taxes on gasoline, diesel, and LPG for transport without considering the social costs. We compare the fuel taxes with the social costs in gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Especially, we compute the external costs per liter or per kilometer as well as the internal costs per liter or per kilometer in gasoline, diesel, and LPG. We use these costs to compare with the fuel taxes of gasoline, diesel, and LPG. In considering environmental external costs such as air pollution damage costs and greenhouse gas costs, the fuel tax rates of gasoline and diesel are above and below each their social costs respectively. The fuel tax rates of LPG are almost similar to its social costs.