자본주의의 새로운 대안체제 구축을 위한 담론

Adiscussonthenew AlternativetoCapitalism inthetwentyfirstcentury

자본주의의 대안으로는 종래 마르크스-엥겔스-레닌으로 이어지는 좌파 대중혁명론자들이 주장한 사회주의․공산주의이다.지난 1917년 러시아의 혁명을 계기로 ‘현실’사회주의가 등장하였지만 그것이 패망함으로써 사회주의는 자본주의의 대안이 될 수 없는 이념으로 간주되어 왔다.그러나 본 연구는 지난 20세기에여러 나라에서 대중혁명으로 등장했던 사회주의를 하나의 ‘실험’에 그친 구사회주의로 규정한다.이에 구사회주의는 이제 21세기 역사에서 희망이 될 수 없는 관계로 본고는 ‘새로운’사회주의 즉 신사회주의를 하나의 담론으로 제안코자 한다.그러나 구사회주의가 추구했던 사회주의의 전통적 가치들 가운데 21세기에도여전히 신사회주의 관점에서도 지켜져야할 것들이 있다.그래서 구사회주의로부터 토대를 마련한 신사회주의는 마르크스주의에서 제외시켜야 할 이념들에 대한 비판을 통해 신사회주의의 가치들을 발굴한다.

Until now the progressive left including the revolutionist sector has searched for an alternative regime to the capitalist and even communist worlds since the old but real system of socialism demised in the last decade of the 20th century. For this objective, they usually criticized the old socialism of USSR as well as Eastern Europe in terms of politics based upon the Communist party and economic system characterized by central planning. However, we need to evaluate not only the original and traditional paradigm of socialism appearing in the literature of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but also criticize the current effect of monopoly capitalism on the world affairs. From the critical approach to three different politico-economic systems in their philosophy, ideology and institution, we may finally drive the neo-socialist doctrine based upon its five basic principles as follows; 1. Anti-war peace with stopping the world hegemony 2. Associated system on equal basis with the final demolishment of capitalism 3. Central planning strategy mixed with market control 4. Cooperative society to guarantee people's subsistence and prosperity 5. Viable maintenance of the Nature by mitigating its pollution It should be however noted that people led by progressive or revolutionary vanguards are obliged to rely on their own forces because the controlling class exploiting people with private ownership over capital has never given up their power in the realm of politics and economics. This confronting strategy may violate political and non-violent democratic rule to be maintained by the geneal election. However, the human history of democracy says universal suffrage could not always guarantee or achieve real and perfect democracy although such democracy is almost ideal. In this sense, neo-socialism might fulfill one of the ideal worlds in which the working people by themselves try to get real democracy via their liberation from the recent development of capitalism, that is, neo-liberalism.