선사상의 영향을 받은 추상표현주의 작품 연구

A Study on the works of Abstract Expressionism influenced by Zen Philosophy - focused on the circular form and its motives -

The history of human kind is engraved in the circle simply because of the perfection of its figure. Given the fact that it is considered as the most matured symbol of philosophy among all the other archetypes, it has been the motive of art from the ancient art to modern one. The archetype, which is believed to carry a universal significance both in the East and the West, is regarded as religious perfection. The circle is defined as something that possesses all the individualities while producing all the possibilities of the whole. According to psychologist, Carl Jung, (Jung, Carl Gustav, 1875-1961), the circle is the archetype of collective unconsciousness, and the concept of Mandala is also equivalent with it. But it can be applied to other cultures. Therefore, it is natural that the abstract expressionists were seeking oriental ideology and spirituality after the destruction of the western rationalism. This research analyzes how the focus of abstract art shifted from objectivity to innate subjectivity, and what were the social and cultural causes of this change. It also studies the ideology of Zen and its influence on abstract expressionism. It also inquires the works of Morris Graves, Kenneth Noland, Jackson Pollok, and Isamu Noguchi, Adolph Gottlieb who were greatly influenced by Zen. The focal point is what kind of historical events triggered this change and these artists applied the philosophy of Zen into their work and its later development. Among all the works in paintings, designs, and environmental sculptures, the range of this study is the works inspired by the circle and archetypes.