추사 김정희의 불교의식과 예술관 연구

A Study of Choosa Kim, Jung-Hee’s View Point about Buddhsim and Fine Arts

Choosa(秋史:金正喜， 1786-1856), the representative calligrapher all through Korean history , had a profound knowledge of the methodology of historical research, the exegetical studies, the practical science, the epigraphy, the Buddhism, theories in paintings and calligraphies. Especially he was a man of wide knowledge about the Buddhism, and had a unique view about Zen. He totally denied Kanhwasun(看話輝), which was widely practiced by Zen priests. He pointed out the vices of Zen s tyle and tried to present the right attitude and means of meditation. His mistrust and criticism of Zen Buddhism came from his belief about realism, and he believed that nirvana could be perfected by scriptures of Buddha. He also thought Zen Buddhism unorthodox. 1n some perspective, Choosa’s view of the Buddhism is regarded excellent, for he had a ideological consistency about realism, but it is too much to reject all Zen Buddhism after Dharma. If he accepted Zen Buddhism and also insisted a necessity of his thought, his theory could have been more persuasive. On the other hand, Choosa was a Buddhist devotee of Shinhaeng Buddhism, for he regarded calligrphy, publication of the Buddhist scripture , prayer and charity great, and he also stayed at the temple doing publication and repentance. Choosa’s view of art is very unique, too. He was a man of virtue based on poetry, calligraphy, painting , and the unity of Zen and principle . He had this belief all along, and he encouraged to read 5000 books , and he insisted that paintings and calligraphies without th is !i terary spirit. is evil and the art from one's heart is real. But he also saind that this reading is only essential to build up one’s fine characters , and true subject should dwell in the Four Gracious Plants ' true heart. Also he said that you have to forget about yourself to have a good command of art, and as an artist, you have to be persistent to discuss the profound secrets of heaven throughout all work of art. This original view of Choosa about the art is based on the views of the art after the Song Dynasty and the systemized thinking of precedents, adapting the Buddhism and Zen. So his buddhism helped him to give values to metaphysical inner world of an work of art, not to the format itself. His manner of calligraphy is mysterious and roughly cut. Its mysteriousness is well known. The basis of his calligraphy is Haeseo(階害) by Chodang, and he added Rye(錄) of Xj-Han(西漢)， and also grafted the manner of great masters such as Wong, Hee-jje(王義之) and Ahn, Chin-kyoung(顔眞卿). lt hasn’t been found enough to investigate how he developed his calligraphy. Anyway, his mysteriousness shows innovative states which only can be achieved by an aesthete , and he also created unique world which commoners cannot fully understand. On the other hand, his theories and techniques have some defects. It is odd that his work shows some contact with Kanhwasun, which he totally rejected. The extremes meet, and it is understandable that works of Choosa embrace the mysteries of Zen priests. 1n this manner, his calligraphy can be regarded as Zen. By the way, his calligraphy works stand out too much, and as a result, his techniques ended up cannot be learned, shouldn’t be learned, and shouldn’t be judged. On the other hand, some scholars overestimated his works and even deified him, which happened in the atmosphere that enabled to ruminate and find out ’what is good and what is bad’, but his literatures and philosophy of religion was examined just as it is. It might be reasonable to say that Choosa’s works have both merits and demerits. The awe to him won’t end, but revaluation of him will be needed too and also an expectations and suspicions whether his genealogy to follow his techniques will flourish or not will be an issue, too.