윌리엄 모리스에서 예술과 노동

Art and Labour in William Morris

Morris's thought of art were completed through the criticism on the environments of the nineteenth century in England. He judged that the Industry Revolution caused the aes thetic quality of products to be deteriorated. Also, he though that in the world of art, 'art for art's sake' and its followers caused the big gap between the art and the people. Morris considered these two factors drove the art to the danger of death. So, he thought he should save art. This study examines Morris's thought of art in five large parts. The first is the problems about criticism of artistic state. The second is the extension of modern art conception. The third is the utility aim of art. The fourth is labour as art production. Finally, I will explain art producer as labour. He criticized the existing concept of art and suggested a new concept of art. He used two concepts : 'greater arts' which points to 'fine arts' and 'lesser arts' which points to handicrafts. With these two he extended the category of art. He put "the aspect of all the externals of our lives" into that category. And he claimed that "the aim of art is to make man's work happy and his rest fruitful." Meanwhil e he claimed that modern artistic production should be changed into free labor that artist could control tools, materi al, time by himself like in the middle age. But he didn't think only free labour was artistic production. There should be pleas ure to be so. And He used the term of 'produ cer' instea d of 'art ist' , because he rea lize d the term of 'a rti s t' had lot s of limit ations.