실어증 환자의 문법형태소 산출특성

Verbal Morpheme Retrieval in Aphasia

그림설명과제를 이용하여 실어증 환자 15명을 대상으로 존칭, 피동, 과거, 현재 및 미래시제의 동사관련 문법형태소간에 산출차이를 알아본 결과, 실어증 환자들은 과거시제가 존칭, 피동 및 미래시제보다 유의하게 많은 정반응수를, 그리고 피동과 미래시제보다 현재시제가 유의하게 많은 정반응수를 보임으로써 과거시제와 현재시제 산출의 어려움이 상대적으로 적었다. 또한, 실어증 환자는 과거시제보다 미래시제가 다른 시제로 대치하는 오류를 유의하게 많이 보였고, 미래시제보다 과거나 현재시제로 더 유의하게 많이 대치하였다. 실어증 환자는 문법형태소간에 각각 다른 산출차이를 나타내었는데, 늦게 습득하는 문법형태소일수록 산출의 어려움을 보였다. 또한, 사용빈도가 낮고 난이도가 높으며 활용이 복잡한 문법형태소일수록 많은 오류를 보였다. 본 연구는 동사관련 문법형태소의 종류에 따라 선택적인 산출장애를 나타낼 가능성을 지지하는 결과를 보여 주었다는데 의의가 있다.

It is often observed that patients with aphasia have difficulties in processing verbs constructed with the verb inflection and finite verb form. Previous studies suggested that verb inflection retrieval was differently performed. Specifically, aphasics have more difficulties in processing past than present tense, and more errors in processing tense than respectable-case morphemes. However, it has also been argued that aphasics have better aptitude for tense than for respectable-case morphemes. The purpose of this present study was to investigate how patients with aphasia process the following morphemes: respectable-case, passive-case, past-tense, present-tense and future-tense. The following results were obtained. First, aphasics were more impaired in producing both future-tense and passive-case morphemes than in producing present- or past-tense morphemes. Moreover, they had more difficulty in producing respectable-case than past-tense morphemes. Secondly, analysis of error patterns showed that the aphasics substituted both present- and past-tense more than future-tense morphemes. Thirdly, they had more substitution errors in future-tense than in past-tense morphemes. Consequently, aphasics can be differentiated by their performance in verbal morphemes according to the order of verbal morphemes acquisition. Furthermore, the error difference among the verbal morphemes might be ascribed to the frequency of occurrence and complexity of verbal morphemes. This study supports the hypothesis that there is a distinctive segregation in the retrieval of verbal morphemes.