1785년 도시개혁의 배경과 전개과정

The 1785' s Charter to the Towns in Russia and The Way of Urban Life

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance and the significance of r 1785' s Charter to the TownsJ in Russia looking for the background and the course of consideration of that. The existing trend of Study on the Russian Urban life which has been covered by shadow of the feudalism leaves something to be desired to grasp its historical status and role properly. Consequently, the affirmation and the negation of the historical significance of the Charter to the Towns have been mixed up. But this writer, by concentrating on the factors surrounding enactment of the' Charter', is going to reevaluate the historical influence of the 1785's Charter to the Towns in Russia. To prove the argument, this thesis will present the historical background in 18th Century Russia, the process of 'Charter' enactment and its character. Chapter I starts from the significance of 'urban history'. Cities are one of the oldest artifacts of civilized life. Therefore, the 'Charter' is good subject to look into the mutual relation between human life and social change in the city. Chapter IT will treat the background of 'Charter' enactment. There are several conditions like the growth of city, its population, the emergence of manufactories and the growth of artisan group. In addition, there also existed the essential background factors, such as the need of establishment of local administration, the source of taxes. For that, it is essential to raise the 'the third people , citizen'. Catherine the Great's idea of Enlightment Absolutism effected as a important factor as well. Chapter ill will treat of the Charter's specific Characters. First it provided more right to city people than to the old posad people. Second, the 'Charter' divided the city residents into the six categories. Third, the 'Charter' Permitted the self-government to the city. So that Administrative Institutions such as 'the City Society', 'the Common Council', 'the Six-man Council' and 'magistracy' were created. Finally In 'Charter' existed special articles about the artisan group which would help the industrial development, growth of capitalism in the structure of Everyday life. After all, this thesis will identify that the Charter to the Towns had a historical background and played very important role in creating the new type of Russian city. citizen. Remarkably the study of Russian City has been developed in the present.