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The Various Patterns of the Medieval Marriages: Norm and Practice

This paper tries to show how the medieval canonists have thought of marriages, and then that clan arranged marriges(the so called Muntehe) and marriages by deliberate consent of the marring partners(the so-called Friedelehe or Neigungsehe) were practiced in Europe, between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The Ii terary sources quoted and screened for evidence are primarily the Decretum magistri Gratiani and Lex famiJje Wormatiensis, and secondarily F. Keutgen(Ed.). Urkunden zur stadtischen Verfassungsgeschichte and O. Redlich (Ed.) Die Traditionsbilcher des Hochstifts Brixen. But the most sources used in this paper were quoted out of the authors earlier articles. While man exerted a clan-centered veto right by the Muntehe, the canonists regarded marriages with affectio(love) as ideal, so the canonistic norm of the marriage emphasizes consensus of the marnng partners like by the Friedelehe. The development of the Friedelehe especially in the medieval towns has to be seen in the light of the increasing or decreasing role of the individual in the medieval community, and not least, as a self- assertion of women.