儒家思想與其對動物權的含義

Confucianism and Animal Right - Cheng Mingdao and Forming One Body with Things -

本文的目的在於探討儒家思想與動物權的關係。尤其，以程明道的思想為基礎，探求他的思想如何可以應用在動物權問題上。程明道所講的「萬物同體」、「感應理論」、「識仁」等的思想觀念肯定動物的「本來的價值」而強調對動物的關懷。因此之故，筆者期待，程顥的哲學為「環境倫理與中國哲學的對話」能夠做出貢獻。爲了證明此可能性，首先，本文論述宋儒在日常生活中對動物的態度以及其意義。其次，以「萬物一體觀」為中心，分析程明道哲學背後的「生命觀」以及「生態觀」。最後，從「實踐論」的角度切入，檢討他的哲學所提供的有關動物權的實踐原理。關於這一點，本文從三個方面進行分析，即「識仁與感應原理」、「忠恕與擴充原理」、「仁義與差等原理」。

The aim of this paper is to examine the relations between Confucian tradition and animal right. Cheng Mingdao(程明道, 1032~1085) is one of neo-Confucian philosophers of Song dynasty. I think that his ideas toward nature and animals can offer some useful resources for environmental ethics and animal right. Because, His thought implies a duty of compassion toward animals by offering fresh interpretations on Confucian concepts, ‘forming one body with things(與物同體)’, ‘humanity(仁)’ and ‘correspondence(感應)’. In this paper, I begin by presenting some illustrations of Cheng's attitudes to animals in his daily life. In the second part, I offer analysis of ecological implications behind the concept of 'forming one body with things'. In the third part, I discuss three practical principles of Cheng's ecological views, the correspondence principle from 'understanding the nature of humanity(識仁)', the expansion principle from 'loyalty and reciprocity(忠恕)' and the difference principle from 'humanity and rightness(仁義)'.