중국 사학사 연구 서설

The introduction of the study on Chinese history of historical science

In China, there have been an enormous number of historical materials since Pre Chin(先秦) dynasty period and there are the most in the world. Among these historical materials, nearly 4,000 of materials are related with Chinese history of historical science. Following with great historical achievements, it was almost obvious to clarify how in every period of time, the historical science had changed and that was supposed to introduce the history of historical science earlier. Nevertheless, Chinese history of historical science was introduced in 20th century and organized by the influences in according to the imports of European historical science, expecially the European study. The examples of Chinese history of historical science writers, there are Naito Horochiro(內藤虎次郞) as a Japanese scholar, also Jin Yufu(金毓黻) and Li Zongdong(李宗侗) as a Chinese scholar who are comparably primary characters. Since then, the history of historical science books were published by the Chinese sholars Gao Guokang(高國抗), Yin Da(尹達) and Bai Shouyi(白壽彛), and Tawanese scholar, Liu Jie(劉節) and Du Weiyun(杜維運). Some of these books are currently being written and published. Although the story of those books had the difference in each other, the arrangements of history books and historians in the order of dynasties could not be free from their original. The historical science is to grasp the way of recognizing and stating the past, and also to understand the backgrounds of each period and the person who arranged and stated about the past. In addition, defining how each existed historical science changed to the next century and the reasons why, are very essential to be an actual history of historical science. At this point, it's not improper to say that the history of historical science is related with vicissitudes of dynasty, and also it is not that it should be completely dominated by the dynasty. So it is necessary to rearrange the Chinese history of historical science from the change of historical science's point of view. This treatise consists of six stages to explain the Chinese history of historical science as a tentative plan. 1) Historical science of original shape's formating period of Chinese history of historical science. It is the period that the necessity of records about the past was organized and the invention of the word and also writing tools were introduced. However, the effective recording method was still undoable and generally that was the time before Spring－Autumn(春秋) period. 2) Organizing period of the records; The necessity of records about the past was recognized and a word or a letter was introduced. As the writing tool developed, many records of the past were stored, but then it became too difficult to understand each records because they were basically too many. Thus some rearranging jobs were required to comprehend each records all at once without reading one by one. This job was appeared as the shape of arithmetic of six classics(六經) by Conficious in Spring－Autumn(春秋) Period. At that moment, the history of historical science was once again changed and gone up to the upper level. 3) The record of an objective fact; The reason of recording the incidents of the past has the basic meaning which is to be used usefully in present time. And as the records got accumulated, the summary of the record appeared but that was only the summary done by inexpert people. Moreover, if the inexpert person tries to conceptualize the incidents of the past, then it could make the reader more confused. If so, the summarizing jobs would only remain in organizing the incidents objectively in standard orders. Hence, the historical science became independent from Jingxue(經學) or philosophy and this was started by Shiji(史記) of Sima Qian(司馬遷)