中外文化交匯與晚清歷史編纂學的發展

Sino-foreign Cultural Exchanges and the Development of Historiography in Late Qing Dynasty

在晚清中外文化交流的過程中，西方史學的輸入對中國史學發展有著重要影響，為中國史學的發展增添了新內容。史書編纂是史學最便於集中體現之所在，是傳播史學知識、體現時代內容的重要載體。本文分三個階段介紹了在中外文化交匯碰撞的過程中，中國開明學者（史家）在接受西學的情形下，對中國歷史編纂學的認識和探索。在這一過程中，他們的世界觀念由傳統的“天下觀念”轉變為“世界觀念”，“華夷觀念”逐漸淡化；對外國史學並沒有全盤的接受或否定，而是對其體裁、體例、標目、編次等問題進行了審視和評價，吸收了外國史學中的觀點和方法，對中國史學理論進行了反思，並在史書體裁創新方面 進行了有益的嘗試。這種自我思考的過程為中國史學的近代轉型做出了重要貢獻，成為“新史學”的重要內容。中國史學中的“經世致用”思想成為西學特別是西方史學在近代傳播的有力“接引”。

In the process of cultural exchange both at home and abroad in the late Qing Dynasty, the translation of Western history had a major impact on Chinese History development and brought in new content. Historical book is the most concentrated expression of the Historiography .They are also the important vector to convey knowledge and reflect the times. This article divided three stages to describe the Chinese scholars’ (especially historians’) comprehending and exploration on Chinese historiography, which included conversion and establishment of the world concept, scanning and reviewing of foreign historiography, reconsideration on the theory of Chinese history and genre innovation. They neither accepted the western history fully nor refused them completely. All the review concluded their’ thoughts. This process of self-thinking made an important contribution to the modernization of Chinese historiography. The thoughts of ‘Jing Shi Zhi Yong” is the basis of the western knowledge importation, especially western history.