계약상 의무위반과 구제법리

Remidies for Breach of Contract

A party in a contract should perform the duty of the contract. The duty of contract consists of main performance obligation, collateral obligation and protective obligation. Main performance obligation corresponds to the duty which determines the substance and nature of a contract. In case when main performance obligation is infringed, it can enforce the performance of the contract, and the compensation for the breach of contract and cancellation of the contract are admitted. And collateral obligation is the duty for the purpose of protecting benefits of a contract. Although there is an argument whether to classify performance obligation into main performance obligation and collateral obligation or not, these are distinguished from each other in this study. That is because unlike infringing main performance obligation, violating collateral obligation is not allowed to enforce to perform or cancel the contract. It is only allowed to claim damage reparations. Also, a duty of safety is not based on the party’s will, but on forcd obligation in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. And unlike the collateral obligation, the duty of safety aims at protecting another party’s integrity or existing interest. But, in case of violating the duty of safety, it is not allowed to force the performance of duty, but is only allowed to claim for damage reparations. This kind of duty of safety holds good from the process after the extinguishment of the contract. Also, a third party beside the party involved in the contract can the person concerned of protective obligation. However, even though these have the same substance, a duty to give attention to and protective obligation should be distinguished. The reason is that among the duties to give attention to, there is a case which belongs to performance obligation that entails a certain legal relation like labor contracts. Also, even if both of them accompany legal benefits, the transit security duty of tort law and the protective obligation of contract law should be distinguished. The party who is damaged by violating duty of safety, rather than the party who is damaged by infringing transit security duty, is able to receive remedy for the right according to legal principles of contract liability, which is superior in aspects of responsibility for proof or extinctive rescription. In the meantime, the obligation of contract as above belongs to the substance of a obligation, so violating it is applicable to non-fulfillment. Then it takes different remedies according to the case of non-fulfillment; delay in performance, non-impossibility and imperfect performance. Also it takes different requirement according to the ways of remedy for the right; forcing the performance of obligation, claiming compensation for the damage or canceling a contract. Especially, in case that excessive damage beyond benefits of a contract is incurred because of non-impossibility and imperfect performance, there is no room for claiming forced performance or canceling a contract. And unlike forced performance, in order to claim compensation for the damage, the damage due to the breach of contract should be incurred because of the reason that obligor can be blamed of. Besides, in case of canceling the contract, obligor should be responsible forthat. However, in occasion of delay in performance, it is allowed to cancel the contract only when it doesn't perform the obligation of contract within a grace period. Of course, in case that obligation of a onerous contract is imperfectly performed, damaged party can claim responsibility about warranties liability of non-negligence. of negotiating a contract, through the process of realization of the contract, obligor should be responsible for that.