中國古代城市城牆史研究綜述

A Summary of the History of the Circumvallation in Ancient China

中國人很早便是構築圍牆的民族之一，為確保生命財產及軍事指 揮中心不被侵犯，又構築比圍牆更利於防守的城堡。隨著攻城武器與技術的進步，築城材質也隨之改變。城牆的產生源自於某些歷史特定時刻，它的興廢足可以彰顯社會關係重組與社會秩序構建的過程。無疑對城牆演變的研究，是了解中國歷史上政治軍事變遷、文化興廢的一個平臺。學界对中國古代城市城牆等問題多有關注，現將研究成果綜述如下。

In Before Qin Era, the circumvallation was appeared in city of China.As the time went on, Chinese circumvallation of ancient city had come through evolvements, from individual to rifeness, earth constructed to brick-stone built. The city circumvallation was carrier and testimony of regime alternated and civilization changed. This summarizing collects and introduces research production about ancient city circumvallation of China at the academia.It considers that these research production have some characters as follows: either focuses on early ancient or late China, either gives priority to investigating some zone or city site, was intercrossed with city layout, economy status, social culture.It can be looked from these archaeological reports and research works.There was almost no brick-stone built at city site in Before Qin Era, but many stone cities emerged in Longshan Culture and Xiajiadian Lower Culture at Inner Mongolia, distributing was dense and conserved well. During Two Jin and southern-northern Dynasties Era, because of war necessary and advanced productivity, brick was laid to circumvallation or its corner and round city gates. Song dynasty, in medieval city revolution, was also a transition time from earth to brick-stone. A majority of city circumvallation in Liao-Jin were earth constructed except for some brick-stone built. Untill Ming most of cities in the country were brick-stone built, which continued to early Qing. These researches show that building and destroying city was tied with ancient regime change in China, the policies of city circumvallation at different eras have definite differences.