근 현대 아랍 이슬람 정치사상에 비친 이슬람과 민주주의

Islam and Democracy in Arab Islamic Political Thought in Modern Era

The relationship between Islam and democracy is strongly debated among the people from the late ninetieth to twentieth century. Islamic reformists tend to be more receptive to new ideas, practices, and institutions. Reformists stress the need for continuity of basic Islamic traditions but believe that Islamic law(sharia) is historically conditioned and needs to be reinterpreted in light of the changing needs modern society. Some radical fundamentalists like Qutub and Osama Bin Laden argue simplistically that in Islam sovereignty comes from God, whereas in democracy it comes from human beings. On this basis many fundamentalists will argue that human beings can not pass legislation that infringes on the moral principles of Islam and its tradition. Muslim Secularists look to the experience of the secular west as models in an effort to promote their countries' development. Scholars of Islamic political thought agree that the principle of shura, or consultative decision-making, is the source of democratic ethics in Islam. And the second perception is that Islamic tradition is inherently democratic due to its derivation from ijtihaad(independent judgment), ijmaa'(consensus), and bay'ah(pledge of allegiance). But a great deal more reflection is required to clarify the relationship of shura and other terms to democracy. Are Islam and democracy compatible? A large Literature has developed arguing that Islam all the ingredients of modern state and society. Many Muslim intellectuals seek to prove that Islam enshrines democratic values. But rather than lead the debate.