중앙아시아 튀르크계 국가들의 정치변혁과 내부적 정치역동성

Political Transformation and Internal Political Dynamics of Turkic Republics in Central Asia - Focusing on Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan -

When newly independent states(NIS) emerged in Central Asia, many Predicted that it would be followed by the democratization of the states. This notion has turned out to be at best premature, at worst misguided. In Central Asia, the first decade of independence has been marked by strong authoritarian presidentalism. To varying degrees, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have all been dismissed as authoritarian systems, hostile to democracy and the rights of citizens. All Turkic republics in Central Asia adopted presidential systems which eventually opened the doors for powerful individuals to rise to the fore and claim authoritarian powers. Presidents Akaev, Aliyev, Karimov, Nazarbaev, Niyazov all consolidated their grip in very similar ways, and to the determent of political parties and parliaments. Thus, this work examine how the presidents of the Central Asian republics came into office and how they have managed to stay in office in the face of enormous transitional challenges. This article argues that the problem of Central Asian politics is not simply one of presidential might versus feckless parliaments. Rather relationship is something of a sideshow to what is occurring on the main political state, which is dominated by great power brokers(Clans, barons, magnates, tribal leaders) and the networks they control. Consequently, presidents and parties, as well as parliaments in Central Asia are engaged in a constant struggle with these power brokers and networks. In addition, this work also shows the different perspectives(internal/ external) on the Central Asia's Socio-political situation.