페르시아 문학속의 『칼릴라와 딤나』

『Kalila wa Dimna』in the Persian Literature - In search of the prototype of 『Hezar va Yek Shab(The Thousand and One Nights)』

This article is aiming at the study of 『Kalila wa Dimna』in the Persian Literature, alongwith the search for the prototype of 『Hezar va Yek Shab(The Thousand and One Nights)』. In particular, in this article I focus on the genealogy and transition of 『Kalila wa Dimna』in the Persian Literature, and I want to find out how to transmit in the Medieval Literature, analyzing the prototype of 『Hezar va Yek Shab(The Thousand and One Nights)』, as well. Without the recognition of basis(prototype), We do not correctly figure out the meaning of the works in the Literature. Even if the original text of 『Kalila wa Dimna』and『Hezar va Yek Shab』had been published in Pakistan(India) at those times, the ancient Persian Thought and Culture had been included in them. The prototype of 『Kalila wa Dimna』and 『Hezar va Yek Shab』had been tied to the ancient Persian Thought. In accordance with Dr. Mahr Noor Mohammad Khan, the emeritus professor of National University of Modern Languages in Islamabad, 『Panchatantra』had been published in Taxila(or Multan) in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. In the ancient times, Iran and Pakistan had had the history and culture in common. During the Sasanian(A.D.226-642) Dynasty, the territory of Punjab had been dominated as one of the provinces in Persia. In the reign of Anoshirvan(570 D.) in Sasanian Dynasty, tabib Borjuye had been sent to Pakistan, and from there he had brought『Panchatantra』into mainland Persia. According to Ibn Nadim(A.D.995 D.), the author of『Alfihrist』, the Persians had created the shape of books and kept them in library, and some of these books had been translated in the language of animals, from the Kayani Dynasty(mythological age) and Archaemenes Dynasty(B.C.559-B.C.330) in Persia. He added, the age that the various stories had been prevalent was the Persian Eshkanian(Partia, B.C.247-A.D.224) and Sasanian Dynasty, in particular.