터키 알레비 종파에 나타난 샤머니즘 모티프

A Study on the Shamanic Motifs of the Alevi in Turkey

This study is to focus upon the shamanic motifs of the Alevi in Turkey. The Alevi is a unorthodox islamic sect which have syncretic characteristics. As is generally known, the babailer rebellion(1239-1240) laid the cornerstone of the formation of the Alevi in Turkey. According to the heroic deeds of the babailer(Menâkıbname or Vilâyetnâme), we can find a lot of the shamanic motifs of the Alevi. In this study I tried to find the resemblance of shaman and the Babailer, focusing on the skills of curing illness, transmigration, ascension to the heaven and foreseeing to the future. For example, according to the Menâkıbul-Kudsîye, BabaIlyas was a typical skills of sorcerer like a shaman who can cure every kind of illness. His youngest son Muhlis Paşa had the skill of ascending to the heaven. His other son Yahya Paşa had the skill of transmigration. The Vilâyetnâme-i Otman Baba mentions about an anecdote between Sultan Mehmet II and Otman Baba who have the ability of foreseeing to the future. The combined ritual ceremony of men and women is a typical characteristics of shamanism. According to the Menâkıbul-Kudsîye, Baba Ilyas presided over the religious rituals in where more than 7000 peoples participated in combination with men and women. In orthodox Islam, the combined ritual ceremony of men and women can not be allowed. We can have it that this motif originated from shamanism too.