칼빈의 제네바 개혁활동에서 교회와 국가의 관계

Relation between Church and State in the Calvin's Genevan Reforming Works

John Calvin continuously struggled with the Genevan magisters from 1541's return to 1555 when he got the right to exercise the excommunication. He called his opponents libertines. Calvin named them libertines because he understood that they opposed his moral reform. But Andre Bieler pointed out the nationalistic nature of their forces and prescribed the nature of 1555's revolt as nationalistic. The forces against the Calvin's reform have both the nationalistic nature and the side against the moral reform. But they wanted the reform according to the model which was progressed by the Swiss cities such as Zurich and Bern. Against these political forces, Calvin aimed at the acquisition of the church's independent discipline. He made the Company of Pastors and the Consistory which supported him as the secure organization from 1546. He got the strong support of the French rich and influential refugees who flowed into Geneva from 1549. His supporters won the 1555's election and defeated the Perrininsts. The defeat of the Perrinists in 1555 left Geneva firmly in the hands of Calvin's local supporters. The obvious character of this victory is Calvin's spiritual leadership and power of organization. In ordre to accomplish his moral reform, he had not only a strenuous preaching and the system of discipline, but also organized the company of pastors and the consistory which supported his reforming activities. The french influential refugees were received into Geneva's Bourgeoisie and Calvin made them his foundation of powers. The Calvinists elevated their own supporters to positions of power. Calvin who progressed the reform by the church and consistory got the victory from the Geneva's Councils and magistrates. At this point his reformation was different from the reformation of Luther and Zwingli.