수단 분쟁의 중재와 평화에 관한 연구

A Study on the Mediation and Peace Agreement of Sudan Conflict

The causes of Sudan conflict are numerous and are rooted in tribal, economic, religious, social and political factors. It is important to point out that these divergent political and socio-economic factors are both vital to, and yet have been detrimental for, Sudan' s economic development and political emancipation. Successive Sudanese governments have abused and exploited these factors, turning them from a well-spring of strength into a menace and source of diversion and violence. Given Sudan' s diverse ethnic makeup, unless there is clear leadership, determined political will, democratic governance and respect for human rights, there is always bound to be a problem of quarrels and discomfort within the country. How such quarrels have developed into a savage civil war and spilled over into neighboring countries is a sad history of misunderstandings and lethal parochialism. The sense of grievance felt in the South over the persistent attempts to impose Islamic law (Shariah law) escalated when the religious hard-line National Islamic Front took over power from the moderate government of Sadiq in 1989. Gen. Omar al-Bashir was installed as leader and assisted by the extremist Islamic leader al-Turabi. The regime wanted to continue with the policy of imposing the shariah law, which had become the main cause of conflict. The new regime assumed that coercion would bring the southern people to their knees, which is yet to be the case. To date, this has been the problem; northern leaders have not comprehended strongly how the South feels against the imposition of shariah law. The Sudanese government and the country's main southern rebel group (SPLM) was signed a peace agreement Jan. 10, 2005 in Kenya to end more than 21 years of civil war. The "conflict", often consisting of the northern Islamic government's military bombing southern Sudan villages and churches, claimed more than 2 million lives, primarily from war-induced famine and disease in the south. I hope and pray that Sudan will enter into a peaceful period although there remains skepticism for two reasons. First, the U. N. is heavily involved. After the recent and ongoing oil-for-food scandal and the reports of widespread sexual abuse in the Congo the organization has very little credibility (in my opinion). In fact, even after the Khartoum government's human rights violations were well known, the U. N. elected the government of Sudan to be a watchdog for human rights [more]. Second, the north Sudanese government cannot be trusted. It engages in slavery, has committed genocide, and breaks peace agreements.