직무특성 및 팀 리더의 태도가 창의성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

The Effects Of Job Characteristics And Team Leader's Attitudes On Creativity - Focused On Mediation Effect Of Attitudes Toward Divergent Thinking -

빠르게 변화하는 동태적인 기업환경에 대처해 나아가기 위하여 창의성을 가진 종업원들이 조직에 없어서는 안 될 필수적인 요소가 되었다. 하지만 창의성에 대한 중요성은 인식하면서도, 창의성을 발현시키는 요소들을 다양한 측면에서 규명한 시도는 그 중요성에 비해 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 창의성을 발현하는 과정으로서, 조직의 창의성을 이해하는데 필수적인 확산적 사고에 대한 태도(ATDT)를 매개체로 하여 구성원의 직무특성과 리더가 보여주는 태도라는 상황적 요인들이 창의성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다. 그 결과, 직무특성 및 리더의 태도(상호작용공정성, 신뢰)가 창의성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, ATDT가 그러한 관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 검증되었다. 또한 지적개방성과 창의적 동료의 존재가 직무특성 및 리더의 태도와 ATDT의 관계에서 가지는 조절효과도 세부적으로 검증하였다.

Given increasingly turbulent environments, heightened competition, and unpredictable technological change, more and more managers are coming to realize that they should encourage their employees to be creative. Considerable evidence indicates that employee creativity can fundamentally contribute to organizational innovation, effectiveness, and survival(Amabile, 1996; Shalley, Zhou, & Oldham, 2004). Creativity refers to the production of novel and useful ideas by an individual or by a group of individuals working together(Amabile, 1988; Madjar, Oldham, & Pratt, 2002; Shalley, Gilson, & Blum, 2000; Zhou & Shalley, 2003). For creativity to occur in organizations, managers need to support and promote it, as they are the individuals who are most knowledgeable about which employee work outcomes should be creative and they have considerable influence over the context within which creativity can occur (Shalley & Gilson, 2004). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between creativity and job characteristics, team leader's attitudes(interactional justice, trust) and the mediating effect of ATDT(attitudes toward divergent thinking) and the moderating effect of openness to experience, presence of creative coworkers in that relationship. The results revealed that job characteristics(Task identity, Task importance) and team leader's attitudes had positive effects on creativity and that ATDT(iATDT & eATDT) mediated the relationship between job characteristics, team leader's attitudes and creativity and that openness to experience moderated the relationship between job characteristics, team leader's attitude and eATDT and that presence of creative coworkers moderated the relationship between job characteristics and ATDT, team leader's attitude and iATDT.