도덕적 행위습관에 함의된 '지식'의 성격

A Study on the ‘Knowledge’ Implied in the Habits of Moral Conduct : Education of ‘Mousike’

The purpose of this study is to clarify the character of knowledge implied in the habits of moral conduct. It is widely accepted, owing to the Aristotelian influence on moral education, that the habits of moral conduct are formed by the practice of moral behaviour. The moral practice itself has the complexity which includes a kind of knowledge, spontaneity, and so on. The knowledge implied it is expressed and identified as the capacity of distinguishing between good behaviour and bad one. According to Oakeshott, moral conduct is based on amour propre or the affection, that is the disposition which likes moral conduct instead of bad one. Knowledge implied in the habits of moral conduct is closely linked with the affection. since the affection is accompanied with the capacity of distinguishing between moral conduct and immoral one. In the light of Plato’s educational theory, the affection is interpreted as the “right” emotion and it is acquired by the education of “Mousike”. It is designed to make one love what he or she ought to love, and hate what he or she have to hate. Education of Mousike communicates the knowledge which makes one notice the expression of the good and the opposite of it, as well as the emotion that makes love an excellent soul. On virtue of this knowledge infused with the emotion, one is able to acquire the right emotion which makes one love what is excellent and refrain from what is the inferior. The education of “Mousike” results in “the imitation” of the excellent souls through the “works of art” which express the beautiful and excellent souls. Plato contrasts imitation with the mimikery of which aim is to excite the superficial interests of people. The moral education which is to communicate the reflective thinking on the morals is not despised as the innert one. Examining one’s life by reflective thinking instead of focusing on definition of virtues consists in moral education as well as “the education of Mousike”.