植民地時代 勞務動員 勞動者의 送出과 鐵道.絡聯船

The Forcedly Mobilized Laborers Transported by Railways and Ferryboats

There are many researches about the wartime atrocities of the Japanese government and the companies. Recently, they are reconsidered as war crimes against human rights. Those wartime atrocities are related with the crimes of transportation companies which carried Korean laborers to Japan or elsewhere. However, there are almost no researchers about transportation problem which helped the forced mobilization and force labor. This paper tries to respond to the real question by dealing with the transportation companies such as railways, ferryboats, and travel companies. Railways played an important role as a pipeline to transport raw materials and grains of Manchuria and Chosun to Japan and to transport Japanese industrial goods and troops and immigrants to Chosun and Manchuria. What I want to emphasize here in the railroads were closely connected with the a cross-channel liner between Pusan and Shimonoseki, the main route of forces mobilization to Kyushu, the mainland, and other islands. 'Forcedly mobilized laborers' were, in most cases, transported as a group in railroads and ferryboats. Otherwise, they were transported by merchant ships or the company's ship. The railroads and ferryboats was nationalized in 1906 and received fare like the private companies. These companies were fully responsible for those actions and decisions related with the 'forcedly mobilized laborers.' Even if they deny their criminal actions, it is hard to say that they did not know why the laborers got on the train or boats. Since 1941, Toa(East Asia) Travel Company was a monopolistic tourist agency with organized systems from lodging and boarding, travel to changing transportation. These railroad, ferryboats, and the travel companies are still normally running the businesses. They are denying their responsibility for committing war crimes. In spite of their denial, the Japanese government, the nationalized railroads, the ferryboats companies, ship-building companies, and travel agencies are responsible for the transportation of the 'forcedly mobilized laborers.'