戰時體制期 朝鮮人 '滿洲開拓靑年義勇隊'에 관한 硏究

The Korean During the War System, a Study on 'The Manchuria Youth Pioneering Volunteer League'

滿洲を手に入れた日本帝国は多くの日本人移民を通じて滿洲にいた朝鮮人と韓国にいた朝鮮人も滿洲に移住させ、その動力にしようと目論んだ。だが、たくさんの問題が起き、1938年、16~20才の日本人青少年を対象に滿洲開拓青年義勇隊(以下、義勇隊)を組織し、滿洲に送ることに政策を修正した。朝鮮人が対象になったのは1940年以後であった。朝鮮総督府は日本人とともに3年間訓練する義勇隊を内鮮一体を実現とし、ひいては滿洲の五族協化達成という宣伝を加えた。1年に3万名の募集を計画した日本人に比べて、1年に200名足らずの朝鮮人義勇隊は数的な面でも役割の比重が違うようになった。面単位の行政職員は＇就職ができる、徴兵か徴用から逃れることができる。上級学校に進学するのだ。＇などの宣伝を通じて募集を行った。だが、実際はこれと違った。3年という長い間、軍事訓練と農事法を勉強した。訓練中には近所の開拓団の警備に、国境地域の守備隊に、将来来る開拓団の基盤施設を支度するための労働者に動員された。そして徴兵年齢になれば、すぐに入隊し、3年の訓練が終われば滿洲で＇義勇隊開拓団＇として集団村を形成した。つまり、朝鮮総督府が内鮮一体として宣伝した義勇隊の実体は他でもない人力動員だったのだ。義勇隊は普遍的な動員の性格と特殊性を同時にもっていた。まず、義勇隊は日本帝国が戦争を遂行するために朝鮮で施行した人力動員体制の一部分という側面で理解することができる。そしてその役割と動員については特集な性格をもった。義勇隊は朝鮮人の人力を動員するもう一つの形態を見せているが、これらは労務者とも、軍人とも言えなかった。これから広い範囲で判断すべきだと思われる。

The Japanese Imperialism that got Manchuria tried to construct the manpower and control through many of Japanese immigration, and emigrated the Korean-Manchuria and the Korean in Korea to Manchuria for its power. However, it has met with lots of problems, and hurried to correct their policy by sending the Manchuria Youth Pioneering Volunteer League(called later as Volunteer League) for 16~20 years of Japanese youth to Manchuria in 1938. It was after 1940 that it has been applied for the Korean. The Government General of Chosen advocated the Volunteer League that trains with the Japanese for 3 years as a realization of oneness of Korea and Japan, and furthermore, it added advertisement of achieving Manchuria's five-nation harmony. Comparing it with the Japanese that planned to invite 30thousand of people for 1 year, less than the 200 Korean Volunteer League for 1 year could not be the same weight in its role in its quantitative side. The administrative assistants of myeon made them accept the invitation through various advertisements such as 'we will employ you, make you get rid of your enlistment or commandeering, you will enter the superior school.' However, it was different from its reality. They have learned the military drill and agricultural method for 3 long years. According to the pioneer's expense and border area's defense during the training course, they mobilized as workers to prepare the future pioneer's infrastructure. And, they joined the army service immediately after they have become in an age of military service, and formed a co-unity with 'Volunteer League Pioneer' in Manchuria after 3 years of training. Namely, I think it was the manpower movilized the Volunteer League representing that the Government General of Chosen is the oneness of Korea and Japan. The Volunteer League had the general characteristics and specialty of movilization at the same time. First, the Volunteer League can be understood in that the Japanese Imperialism is a part of manpower movilized by Chosen for their war performance. And, it was specially characterized for its role and movilization. The Volunteer League shows the other form of Chosen manpower movilized, who can not be called worker nor soldier. I think it should be judged in a wide area later.