1950年代 在中日本人 引楊 問題를 둘러싼 中日間 협상

China-Japan Negotiation in the 1950s on the Repatriation of Japanese Residents in China - The Process of Nullification of the Way of Three-groups Talks -

Throughout the 1950s, the Japanese government tried to nullify the way of three-groups talks in order to take initiative toward China although the two countries had already agreed, in 1953, in the negotiation framework for discussing the return of Japanese residents in China(Beijing Agreement). Those three groups were the Japanese Red Cross, the Japan-China Friendship Association, and the Assembly for Peaceful Communication. The reason that the Chinese government insisted on the way of three-groups talks was that Chinese preferred the negotiation between the Japanese social groups, including pro-China groups, and the Chinese Red Cross representing the Chinese government to negotiations between two governments. First, Japanese proposed the direct negotiations between the Japanese consul and the Chinese consul in Geneva. However, this attempt failed as Chinese wanted to discuss, in talks, the normalization of relations between the two countries, which Japanese did not want to discuss. Next, Japanese tried negotiations between the Japanese Red Cross and the Chinese Red Cross, which could naturally disapprove the way of three-groups talks. In March, 1956, the representative of the Japanese Red Cross, was Inoue, who had worked as an official in the Foreign Affairs Ministry. But there talks also failed, in regard to the repatriation of Japanese residents in China, including Japanese war criminals, the visit of the hometown by the family members in China and the investigation of the missing people and their remains in both countries. Therefore, the way of three-groups talks continued as the negotiation framework. Although the Gishi administration attempted the direct negotiation between the two governments and Hirose, a Japanese lawmaker, suggested the talks between politcians from both countries, their proposals were rejected. Chinese insisted the way of three-groups talks showing distrust in the Gishi administration, who was obviously biased toward USA and Taiwan. At that time, China and Japan were also in talks about making the 4th private trade agreement as well as discussing repatriation problem. During these process, despite all the odds, the repatriation of the Japanese people and remains and the visit of Japan by Japanese residents in China continued until 1958. The way of three-groups talks delineated the relationship between the two countries from 1953 to 1958. But by then, disbelief and disagreement between two countries increased to the extreme level. In result, the way of three-groups talks did not work any more and the repatriation was endlessly suspended as the two governments blamed each other about the responsibility of the rupture.